Application of matrix product states to the Hubbard model in one spatial dimension

We investigate the application of matrix product states to the Hubbard model in one spatial dimension with both of open and periodic boundary conditions. We develop the variatinal method that the optimization of the variational parameters is carried out locally and sequentially in the framework of matrix product operators (MPO) by including the sign, due to the anti-commutation relation of fermion operators, in the matrix element of MPO. The numerical accuracy of the ground state energy is examined.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure

Role of NKT Cells in the Pathogenesis of NAFLD

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most frequent chronic liver disease and shows various inflammatory changes in the liver. Among those inflammatory cells, natural killer T (NKT) cells are found to have a critical role during the disease progression. NKT cells may have a protective role at the early stage with simple steatosis through modification of insulin resistance, whereas they act as a progression factor at the advanced stage with fibrosis. Those processes are thought to depend on interaction between NKT cells and CD1d molecule in the liver

Triangular arbitrage as an interaction among foreign exchange rates

We first show that there are in fact triangular arbitrage opportunities in the spot foreign exchange markets, analyzing the time dependence of the yen-dollar rate, the dollar-euro rate and the yen-euro rate. Next, we propose a model of foreign exchange rates with an interaction. The model includes effects of triangular arbitrage transactions as an interaction among three rates. The model explains the actual data of the multiple foreign exchange rates well.Comment: 19 pages, 21 eps files embedded. Physica A, to be publishe

Site-dependent Local Spin Susceptibility and Low-energy Excitation in a Weyl Semimetal WTe2_2

Site-dependent local spin susceptibility is investigated with $^{125}$Te nuclear magnetic resonance in a Weyl semimetal WTe$_2$. The nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate $1/T_1T$ shows a dependence of the square of temperature $T$ at high temperatures, followed by a constant behavior below 50 K. The temperature dependence features Weyl fermions appearing around the linearly crossing bands. The Knight shift $K$ scales to the square root of $1/T_1T$, corroborating a predominant spin contribution in low-lying excitation. The observed dependence of $K$ and $1/T_1T$ on the four Te sites shows the site-dependent electron correlation and density of states. The angular profile of the NMR spectrum gives the anisotropic hyperfine coupling tensor, consistent with $5p$ hole occupations on Te sites.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure