Enhancement of Percutaneous Absorption on Skin by Plasma Drug Delivery Method

Transdermal drug delivery (TDD) is a painless method of low-dose drug delivery. The advantages and disadvantages of transdermal drug delivery methods are named and basic methods such as using chemical enhancers, iontophoresis and electrophoresis are introduced. One of the promising methods make use of plasma which is generated in atmospheric pressure mostly in volume or on surface dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) or in plasma jet. As the plasma produces various particles according to the used gas, UV radiation and heat, their effects on skin and barrier function are described. Improvement of transdermal drug delivery of hydrophilic drug galantamine hydrobromide (GaHBr) using microplasma electrode is introduced

Dielectric Barrier Discharge Microplasma Actuator for Flow Control

Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma actuators are a technology which could replace conventional actuators due to their simple construction, lack of moving parts, and fast response. This type of actuator modifies the airflow due to electrohydrodynamic (EHD) force. The EHD phenomenon occurs due to the momentum transfer from charged species accelerated by an electric field to neutral molecules by collision. This chapter presents a study carried out to investigate experimentally and by numerical simulations a micro-scale plasma actuator. A microplasma requires a low discharge voltage to generate about 1 kV at atmospheric pressure. A multi-electrode microplasma actuator was used which allowed the electrodes to be energized at different potentials or waveforms, thus changing the direction of the flow. The modification of the flow at various time intervals was tracked by a high-speed camera. The numerical simulation was carried out using the Suzen-Huang model and the Navier-Stokes equations

Skin Graft

Skin graft is one of the most indispensable techniques in plastic surgery and dermatology. Skin grafts are used in a variety of clinical situations, such as traumatic wounds, defects after oncologic resection, burn reconstruction, scar contracture release, congenital skin deficiencies, hair restoration, vitiligo, and nipple-areola reconstruction. Skin grafts are generally avoided in the management of more complex wounds. Conditions with deep spaces and exposed bones normally require the use of skin flaps or muscle flaps. In the present review, we describe how to perform skin grafting successfully, and some variation of skin grafting

Cultural differences in project management capabilities: A field study

This paper presents a study on identifying differences in project management style, between two different cultures, the Japanese and the Israeli. Management styles were evaluated on the nine classical project management areas, as defined by PMBOK, and o

Applications of Dielectric Barrier Discharge Microplasma

Dielectric barrier discharge microplasma is a nonthermal plasma discharge at atmospheric pressure which due to the micrometer size dielectric layer between the grounded and high-voltage energized electrodes enables to drive the device at less than 1 kV. Microplasma is an economical and ecological alternative for conventional technologies used for NOx removal, indoor air cleaning, surface treatment of polymers, biomedical applications such as transdermal drug delivery, or as an actuator. In this chapter, microplasma applications such as indoor air purification, skin treatment for drug delivery, particle removal, and flow control are presented