The help-seeking preferences of mothers with infants : The influence of internal working model and psychological distances

This study examined the factors that influence the help-seeking preferences of mothers with infants. Participants (n=216) completed three questionnaire, which assessed the help-seeking preference, internal working model and psychological distances between an imminent person and expert. Help-seeking preference is comprised of “affirmative attitude” and “concerns and resistance”. The results showed the following: (1) “avoidance” of IWM was negatively related to “affirmative attitude” and positively related to “concerns and resistance”; (2) “anxiety” of IWM was positively related to “concerns and resistance”; (3) “psychological distance from mother to helper” was negatively related to “affirmative attitude” and positively related to “concerns and resistance”; (4) when there is a difference of the psychological distance, help-seeking preference was lowered only in the case of an imminent person. These results suggested that the help-seeking preferences could be raised by building close relationship with a specific person although there was the effect of internal working model

Factors Affecting Burnout in Nursery Teachers : Focusing on Knowledge of Developmental Disabilities

In this study, we considered the impact of awareness of the knowledge of developmental disabilities and getting social support on the influence of nursery stressor on burnout. 191 nursery teachers (2 men, 188 women and 1 unknown, 20-80 years old) of this questionnaire survey completed the instrumental support scale, knowledge of developmental disability scale, scales of nursery stressor, the sense of burden scale in special needs education and the burnout tendency scale. The results of hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that the state of imbalance in knowledge of developmental disorders instrumental support strengthens burnout. On the other hand, it was suggested that when both sides are high, even if the burden of childcare requiring special consideration is great, it can be overcome, and it prevents challenges and a sense of accomplishment from decreasing for childcare

Effects of self-regulation and executive functions on social skills in preschool children

This study investigated the relationships between exective function and self-regulation function, social skills in young children. Participants were 105 children (4-6 years old), 60 of whom were boys and 45 were girls. The investigator told a story and asked each children to answer with how to action in those situations. As a result, the assertion skill was affected by inhibition control and the working memory in a boy and was affected by the cognitive flexibility in a girl. The cooperation skill was affected by self-assertion and the self-inhibition in a boy and was affected by a working memory and the self-inhibition in a girl. The self-control-skill was affected by inhibition control and the self-inhibition in the boys, and was affected by a working memory and the self-inhibition in the girl. These results suggest that the relationship between self-regulation and social skills in children

The impact of acceptance of self and others and knowledge on attitudes toward people with developmental disabilities

In this study, we considered the impact of acceptance of self and others, and knowledge of definition of developmental disabilities (basic knowledge) and knowledge to correspond to people with developmental disabilities (practical knowledge), on the university students’ attitudes toward people with developmental disability. 107 adolescences (46 men and 61 women, 18-25 years old) of this questionnaire survey completed the acceptance of self and others scale, questions of basic knowledge and practical knowledge, and attitudes toward people with disabilities scale. The results of hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that attitude toward integrated education became negative, if practical knowledge is high, and acceptance of others is low. It was suggested that the personality characteristic that it is difficult to be able to accept others different from the their own, and empirical or potential negative images on the developmental disabilities due to low practical knowledge provide the negative impact on attitudes towards integrated education

The effect of parental cognition of child behavior on parenting styles: considering the mediation of mothers’ emotional state

In recent years, child abuse has become a social problem in Japan, and it has become urgent to adopt measures to prevent it. In this study, we focused on parenting styles in order to examine the factors related to parents. We classified parenting attitudes into three categories, and investigated how the mother’s cognition of the child’s behavior mediates emotions, and affects parenting attitude. Results showed that the more mothers recognize that the child is responsible for his/her own troubled behavior, the more it affects the authoritarian and permissive parenting attitudes, through hostility, depression, and anxiety. The findings also suggested that the mother’s cognition mediates emotions, and influences parenting attitude. Therefore, it is necessary to reconsider the scale of parenting attitude, and clarify the mechanism that influences different emotions and parenting attitude, even with the same cognition of parents

Effects of marital relationship and parenting styles on children’s problem behaviors

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of marital relationships on children’s problems, mediated by a mother’s parenting style. An online survey was conducted on 350 mothers (mean age: 35.06 years), with children aged 3-6 years (mean age: 4.19 years), to assess the effect of their marital relationship on children’s problem behaviors, and their parenting styles. The independent variable was the marital relationship, the dependent variable was children’s problem behaviors, and parenting styles constituted the mediating variable. The results showed that marital conflict mediated authoritarian parenting style and affected children’s problem behaviors. Marital conflict, mediated by permissive parenting style, influenced children’s prosocial behaviors. In addition, authoritarian parenting style mediated the relationship between marital support and children’s problem behaviors

Lack of Direct Effect of Pineal Extracts on the Secretory Function of the Testis

A single intravenous injection of bovine pineal extracts in adult male dogs did not significantly alter the secretion of testicular 17-oxosteroids for up to 4 hours after the administration. The testicular secretory response to hurnan chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) was also not affected by treatment with pineal extracts. It is therefore suggested that pineal extracts have no direct effect on the biosynthesis and/or release of androgens by testicular tissue

Interstitial Cell-Stimulating Hormone Activities in the Pituitary Gland and Peripheral Blood of Immature and Mature Male Dogs

Investigations have been made of the interstitial cell-stimulating hormone (ICSH) activity of the canine pituitary and plasma at different ages. A fairly high activity of ICSH in the pituitary of 3 weeks old animals was observed. At 2 months old the ICSH activity was about twice as high as that in the pituitary of 3 weeks old animals, in potency per mg of tissue weight. However, a somewhat lower activity was found for 2 years old animals than for 2 months old animals. In plasma samples from 3 weeks old and 2 months old animals, no detectable ICSH activity was found but measurable activity was detected in samples from 2 years old animals

Suppression by Metyrapone of the Adrenal Response to Exogenous Corticotrophin

The effect of metyrapone on the augmented adrenal 17-hydroxycorticosteroid (17- OHCS) secretion induced by the administration of adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) was investigated in dogs. A single intravenous injection of ACTH (1 i.u./kg) resulted in the markedly increased secretion of adrenal 17-OHCS; the peak was attained within 60 minutes, and sustained over 3 hours. At the time when the secretion rate caused by ACTH was at a maximum, an intravenous injection of metyrapone (40 mg or 60 mg/kg) produced a rapid and marked decrease in adrenal 17-OHCS secretion. This diminution occurred within 15 minutes and the effect was reversible

Quality of Early Childhood Education and Care and Child Development Evaluation Research in Higashi-hiroshima.: A report of 2021

In this study, we clarified how the quality of childcare at preschool childcare facilities (kindergartens, nursery schools, certified children’s kindergartens ) in the city is affected by the implementation status of the “Higashi-Hiroshima City Early Childhood Education and Childcare Action Plan.” The Action Plan includes, (1) the creation of an attractive childcare environment that nurtures the five abilities, (2) the promotion of natural childcare, (3) the enhancement of public childcare, and (4) the training and collaboration of childcare coordinators. Specifically, first, we clarified how teachers played a role in the growth of children from 0 years to preschool age through the implementation of the Higashi-Hiroshima City Early Childhood Education and Childcare Action Plan; second, we also evaluated parental childcare