Releasing dye encapsulated in proteinaceous microspheres on conductive fabrics by electric current

The current paper reports on the relase properties of conductive fabrics coated with proteinaceous microspheres containing a dye. The release of the dye was achieved by passing an electric current through the fabric. The conductivity of the polyester fibers resulted from nanosilver (Ag NPs) coated on the surface of these fibers. Both types of coatings (nanosilver coating and the coating of the proteinaceous microspheres) were performed using high-intensity ultrasonic waves. Two different types of dyes, hydrophilic RBBR (Remazol Brilliant Blue R) and hydrophobic ORO (Oil Red O), were encapsulated inside the microspheres (attached to the surface of polyester) and then released by applying an electric current. The Proteinaceous Microsphere (PM)-coated conductive fabrics could be used in medicine for drug release. The encapsulated dye can be replaced with a drug that could be released from the surface of fabrics by applying a low voltage

Жизненный и творческий путь академика М. М. Павлюченко

The article is devoted to the 110 anniversary of the birth of the Belarusian scientist, the founder of the section of chemical science – Chemistry of solids, the organizer and the first director of Institute of the General and Inorganic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, academician of the Academy of Sciences of Belarus – Mikhail Mikhaylovich Pavlyuchenko. In the article, the career devoted to search of the implication and chemical mechanism of the processes proceeding with participation of solids is described. Identification of the defining stages (limiting stages) and regularities of thermal dissociation reactions and synthesis of different classes and various structure of substances, as well as the definition of ways to operate these processes are described in this paper. His pedagogical and practical activities were purposeful, he looked for and found the young people interested in scientific research, excited them with his ideas, prepared 40 candidates and 3 Doctors of Chemistry. Together with the academician N. F. Ermolenko and the engineering structure of the institute, he prepared, proved the ways and possibilities of use and enrichment of sylvinites of the Starobinsky field, and repeatedly reported for the government and wide audience on importance of chemical industry development in Belarus. His course of life is a service to science and the Homeland.Статья посвящена 110-летию со дня рождения белорусского ученого, основателя раздела химической науки – химия твердого тела, организатора и первого директора Института общей и неорганической химии НАН Беларуси, академика Академии наук БССР Михаила Михайловича Павлюченко. Приводится описание его жизненного и творческого пути, показан поиск глубинного смысла химического механизма процессов, протекающих с участием твердых тел, выявлены определяющие этапы (лимитирующие стадии) и закономерности реакций термической диссоциации и синтеза разных классов и различной структуры веществ, а также определены пути и способы управления этими процессами. Его педагогическая и практическая деятельность были целенаправленными, он искал и находил заинтересованных в научных исследованиях молодых людей, увлекал их своими идеями и вел за собой. Им подготовлено 40 кандидатов и 3 доктора химических наук. Совместно с академиком Н. Ф. Ермоленко, инженерным составом Института подготовил, обосновал пути и возможности использования и обогащения сильвинитов Старобинского месторождения. Неоднократно докладывал перед правительством и широкой аудиторией о важности развития химической промышленности в Беларуси. Его жизненный путь – это служение науке и Родине

Mucosal immune profiles associated with diarrheal disease severity in shigella - and enteropathogenic escherichia coli-infected children enrolled in the global enteric multicenter study

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and Shigella are etiologic agents of diarrhea in children <5 years old living in resource-poor countries. Repeated bouts of infection lead to lifelong morbidity and even death. The goal of this study was to characterize local mucosal immune responses in Shigella- and EPEC-infected children <5 years of age with moderate to severe diarrhea (MSD) enrolled in the Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS). We hypothesized that infection with each of these pathogens would induce distinct gut mucosal immune profiles indicative of disease etiology and severity. To test this hypothesis, innate and adaptive immune markers were measured in stools from children with diarrhea due to EPEC, Shigella, or other organisms and in children who had no diarrhea. Shigella-positive diarrhea evoked robust proinflammatory and TH1/TH2 cytokine responses compared to diarrhea caused by EPEC or other organisms, with the exception of interleukin 5 (IL-5), which was associated with EPEC infection. The presence of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-16, and tumor necrosis factor beta (TNF-β) was associated with the absence of dysentery. EPEC-positive diarrhea evoked high levels of IL-1β, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and IL-10. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) had opposing roles in disease severity, being associated with absence of diarrhea in EPEC-infected children and with dysenteric Shigella infection. High levels of antigen-specific antibodies were detected in the controls and children with Shigella without dysentery, which suggests a protective role against severe disease. In summary, this study identified distinct local immune responses associated with two clinically relevant diarrheagenic pathogens, Shigella and EPEC, in children and identified protective immune phenotypes that can inform the development of preventive measures

Benign follicular tumors

Benign follicular tumors comprise a large and heterogeneous group of neoplasms that share a common histogenesis and display morphological features resembling one or several portions of the normal hair follicle, or recapitulate part of its embryological development. Most cases present it as clinically nondescript single lesions and essentially of dermatological relevance. Occasionally, however, these lesions be multiple and represent a cutaneous marker of complex syndromes associated with an increased risk of visceral neoplasms. In this article, the authors present the microscopic structure of the normal hair follicle as a basis to understand the type and level of differentiation of the various follicular tumors. The main clinicopathological features and differential diagnosis of benign follicular tumors are then discussed, including dilated pore of Winer, pilar sheath acanthoma, trichoadenoma, trichilemmoma, infundibuloma, proliferating trichilemmal cyst/tumor, trichoblastoma and its variants, pilomatricoma, trichodiscoma/fibrofolliculoma, neurofollicular hamartoma and trichofolliculoma. In addition, the main syndromes presenting with multiple follicular tumors are also discussed, namely Cowden, Birt-Hogg-Dubé, Rombo and Bazex-Dupré-Christol syndromes, as well as multiple tumors of follicular infundibulum (infundibulomatosis) and multiple trichoepitheliomas. Although the diagnosis of follicular tumors relies on histological examination, we highlight the importance of their knowledge for the clinician, especially when in presence of patients with multiple lesions that may be the cutaneous marker of a cancer-prone syndrome. The dermatologist is therefore in a privileged position to recognize these lesions, which is extremely important to provide further propedeutic, appropriate referral and genetic counseling for these patients.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The potential risks and impact of the start of the 2015–2016 influenza season in the WHO European Region: a rapid risk assessment

Background: Countries in the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region are reporting more severe influenza activity in the 2015–2016 season compared to previous seasons. Objectives: To conduct a rapid risk assessment to provide interim information on the severity of the current influenza season. Methods: Using the WHO manual for rapid risk assessment of acute public health events and surveillance data available from Flu News Europe, an assessment of the current influenza season from 28 September 2015 (week 40/2015) up to 31 January 2016 (week 04/2016) was made compared with the four previous seasons. Results: The current influenza season started around week 51/2015 with higher influenza activity reported in Eastern Europe compared to Western Europe. There is a strong predominance of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 compared to previous seasons, but the virus is antigenically similar to the strain included in the seasonal influenza vaccine. Compared to the 2014/2015 season, there was a rapid increase in the number of severe cases in Eastern European countries with the majority of such cases occurring among adults aged < 65 years. Conclusions: The current influenza season is characterized by an early start in Eastern European countries, with indications of a more severe season. Currently circulating influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses are antigenically similar to those included in the seasonal influenza vaccine, and the vaccine is expected to be effective. Authorities should provide information to the public and health providers about the current influenza season, recommendations for the treatment of severe disease and effective public health measures to prevent influenza transmission

Orally available Mn porphyrins with superoxide dismutase and catalase activities

Superoxide dismutase/catalase mimetics, such as salen Mn complexes and certain metalloporphyrins, catalytically neutralize reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of many serious diseases. Both classes of mimetic are protective in animal models of oxidative stress. However, only AEOL11207 and EUK-418, two uncharged Mn porphyrins, have been shown to be orally bioavailable. In this study, EUK-418 and several new analogs (the EUK-400 series) were synthesized and shown to exhibit superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase activities in vitro. Some also protected PC12 cells against staurosporine-induced cell death. All EUK-400 compounds were stable in simulated gastric fluid, and most were substantially more lipophilic than the salen Mn complexes EUK-189 and EUK-207, which lack oral activity. Pharmacokinetics studies demonstrate the presence of all EUK-400 series compounds in the plasma of rats after oral administration. These EUK-400 series compounds are potential oral therapeutic agents for cellular damage caused by oxidative stress

The desmosome and pemphigus

Desmosomes are patch-like intercellular adhering junctions (“maculae adherentes”), which, in concert with the related adherens junctions, provide the mechanical strength to intercellular adhesion. Therefore, it is not surprising that desmosomes are abundant in tissues subjected to significant mechanical stress such as stratified epithelia and myocardium. Desmosomal adhesion is based on the Ca2+-dependent, homo- and heterophilic transinteraction of cadherin-type adhesion molecules. Desmosomal cadherins are anchored to the intermediate filament cytoskeleton by adaptor proteins of the armadillo and plakin families. Desmosomes are dynamic structures subjected to regulation and are therefore targets of signalling pathways, which control their molecular composition and adhesive properties. Moreover, evidence is emerging that desmosomal components themselves take part in outside-in signalling under physiologic and pathologic conditions. Disturbed desmosomal adhesion contributes to the pathogenesis of a number of diseases such as pemphigus, which is caused by autoantibodies against desmosomal cadherins. Beside pemphigus, desmosome-associated diseases are caused by other mechanisms such as genetic defects or bacterial toxins. Because most of these diseases affect the skin, desmosomes are interesting not only for cell biologists who are inspired by their complex structure and molecular composition, but also for clinical physicians who are confronted with patients suffering from severe blistering skin diseases such as pemphigus. To develop disease-specific therapeutic approaches, more insights into the molecular composition and regulation of desmosomes are required

Anhydrite and gypsum in the Devonian and Permian evaporite lithofacies of Belarus : a review

Anhydrite is widespread in the Prypiać Trough in the form of beds and nodules in the Subsaliferous Terrigenous and Carbonate formations (Eifelian and Frasnian), the Lower Saliferous Formation (Frasnian), the Intersaliferous and Upper Saliferous formations (Famennian). It is also present in the Asselian and Sakmarian (Lower Permian) deposits of the trough. The anhydrite is grey, blue, pink and orange. It has massive and, more rarely, horizontal bedding, and a fine- and micro-crystalline structure. Gypsum extends widely across the Orša Depression, Žlobin and Latvijas Saddles and partly in the Belarusian Anteclise, where it lies within the Eifelian deposits. It is also found in the Frasnian strata of the North-Prypiać Shoulder. As a component of facial analogue of the Upper Saliferous Formation gypsum forms the Bryniou deposit in the west of the Prypiać Trough. This mineral is also observed in the Oversaliferous Formation (Famennian) and in the Asselian and Sakmarian strata of the trough. There are spar, saccharoidal, alabastrine and selenitic varieties of gypsum. A medium to coarse crystalline structure is typical. The gypsum is grey, pink, yellow or orange