Synergistic Roles of the CoO/Co Heterostructure and Pt Single Atoms for High-Efficiency Electrocatalytic Hydrogenation of Lignin-Derived Bio-Oils

Electrochemical hydrogeneration (ECH) of biomass-derived platform molecules, which avoids the disadvantages in utilizing fossil fuel and gaseous hydrogen, is a promising route toward value-added chemicals production. Herein, we reported a CoO/Co heterostructure-supported Pt single atoms electrocatalyst (Pt1-CoO/Co) that exhibited an outstanding performance with a high conversion (>99%), a high Faradaic efficiency (87.6%), and robust stability (24 recyclability) at −20 mA/cm2 for electrochemical phenol hydrogenation to high-valued KA oil (a mixture of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone). Experimental results and the density functional theory calculations demonstrated that Pt1-CoO/Co presented strong adsorption of phenol and hydrogen on the catalyst surface simultaneously, which was conducive to the transfer of the adsorbed hydrogen generated on the single atom Pt sites to activated phenol, and then, ECH of phenol with high performance was achieved instead of the direct hydrogen evolution reaction. This work described that the multicomponent synergistic single atom catalysts could effectively accelerate the ECH of phenol, which could help the achievement of large-scale biomass upgrading

Trends of Gleason Score ≤6, = 7, ≥8 Groups over the years.

<p>The percentage of ≥8 group trend to go downwards from 50% in 2004 to 27% in 2011 (<i>P_trend</i> = 2.08×10⁻⁷).</p

Characteristic table of prostate biopsies performed from 2003–2011 in Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, China.

*<p>No Data about Gleason Scores was available in 2003.</p

Different sensitivities and specificities in different tPSA cutoff level.

<p>Different sensitivities and specificities in different tPSA cutoff level.</p

The percentage of tPSA levels over 20 ng/mL in PCa patients.

<p>There was a significant decrease in the percentage of tPSA levels over 20 ng/mL in PCa patients from 2003 to 2010 (<i>P_trend</i> = 2.26×10⁻⁵).</p

Kaplan-Meier estimates of recurrence-free survival rates after transurethral resection (TUR) of the bladder tumor according to the 2004WHO classification.

<p>Kaplan-Meier estimates of recurrence-free survival rates after transurethral resection (TUR) of the bladder tumor according to the 2004WHO classification.</p

Kaplan-Meier estimates of progression-free survival rates after transurethral resection (TUR) of the bladder tumor according to the 1973 WHO classification.

<p>Kaplan-Meier estimates of progression-free survival rates after transurethral resection (TUR) of the bladder tumor according to the 1973 WHO classification.</p

Kaplan-Meier estimates of recurrence-free survival rates after transurethral resection (TUR) of the bladder tumor according to the 1973 WHO classification.

<p>Kaplan-Meier estimates of recurrence-free survival rates after transurethral resection (TUR) of the bladder tumor according to the 1973 WHO classification.</p

Histologic grading of urothelial tumors: (A) The 2004 WHO classification Papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential (PUNLMP); (B) the 1973 WHO classification grade 3 urothelial carcinoma.

<p>Histologic grading of urothelial tumors: (A) The 2004 WHO classification Papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential (PUNLMP); (B) the 1973 WHO classification grade 3 urothelial carcinoma.</p

Prognostic implications of both World Health Organisation (WHO) classifications in terms of recurrence-free and progression-free survival.

<p>Prognostic implications of both World Health Organisation (WHO) classifications in terms of recurrence-free and progression-free survival.</p