Role of Exosomal Noncoding RNAs in Lung Carcinogenesis

Lung cancer is the major cause of cancer death worldwide. Novel, recently discovered classes of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have diverse functional and regulatory activities and increasing evidence suggests crucial roles for deregulated ncRNAs in the onset and progression of cancer, including lung cancer. Exosomes are small extracellular membrane vesicles of endocytic origin that are released by many cells and are found in most body fluids. Tumor-derived exosomes mediate tumorigenesis by facilitating tumor growth and metastasis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a subclass of ncRNAs that are present in exosomes. miRNAs are taken up by neighboring or distant cells and modulate various functions of recipient cells. Here, we review exosome-derived ncRNAs with a focus on miRNAs and their role in lung cancer biology

Multi Perspective Reflection and Integration Construction Strategy of Social Psychological Service System

Social psychological service system is complex, and the construction of social psychological service system is a complex systematic project. From the perspective of history, management, philosophy, society and psychology, social psychological service is not only the inevitable result of the further development of mental health education, but also the practical needs of social governance. In the final analysis, it is a practical activity based on people, for people and serving people. It should not only take into account the complex society and people’s social attributes, but also follow the general principles of psychology. Social psychological services are not equal to mental health services, social risk prevention and control or psychological counseling services. They are more than eliminating psychological problems, and the service cannot rely too much on psychological professionals. The scientific construction of social psychological service system needs an all-round integration from the aspects of concept, mechanism, resources, content and ways, so as to better serve people and society

Differential Eating Behavior Patterns among the Dark Triad

There is little extant empirical literature examining the associations between Dark Triad (DT: Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy) and eating behaviors. The current study (n = 361) investigated the associations between Dark Triad and restrained eating, uncontrolled eating, and emotional eating in a sample drawn from the general population. The results from the study indicate that (a) despite expected sex differences in narcissism and primary psychopathy, no sex differences were found in Machiavellianism, secondary psychopathy, and eating behaviors; (b) among women, Machiavellianism was a protective factor against uncontrolled eating behaviors; (c) the sex of the participant moderated the narcissism–uncontrolled eating behaviors and narcissism–emotional eating behaviors relationships, with the negative correlation being stronger for men than that for women; (d) secondary psychopathy, rather than primary psychopathy, was associated with higher uncontrolled eating behaviors in both sexes, and associated with higher emotional eating behaviors for men only. The implication of these findings are interpreted and discussed

The coupled evolution of mid- to late Holocene temperature and moisture in the southeast Qaidam Basin

The southeast Qaidam Basin (SQB) lies near the boundary between the modern-day Asian summer monsoon (ASM) and mid-latitude westerly jet, and the paleoclimate variation in this region can be affected by these two atmospheric circulation systems. Reconstructions of paleotemperature and palaeohydrology are therefore critical to constraining the driving forces of climate in this region, where the ecological environment is fragile. Here, we analyzed glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs), microbial membrane lipids occurring ubiquitously in aquatic and terrestrial environments across the globe, in an aeolian sediment profile over the last 7000 years from Xiangride Town (XRD) of southeast Qaidam Basin (SQB), China. The temperature record was generated using the global calibration of MAT(mr) based on branched GDGTs (brGDGTs), whereas the palaeohydrological condition was reconstructed from the relative abundance of isoprenoid GDGTs vs. brGDGTs (R-i/b), the cyclisation index of brGDGTs (CBT), and the brGDGT-based pH indices. The results show that the paleoclimate during the mid-Holocene was relatively warmer and wetter in the SQB. Afterwards it was a trend to a cold and dry climate. Temperature variation was highly coupled with the moisture change during the mid- to late Holocene, as opposed to some previous studies showing a warm-dry and cold-wet climate pattern in the northern Qaidam basin. The palaeohydrological evolution agrees with the precipitation pattern of the Chinese loess plateau but opposes to that in Northeastern China, the middle reaches of Yangtze river and Arid Central Asia (ACA), implying that the ASM strength is the driving force of precipitation evolution during the mid- to late Holocene in the SQB and the spatial heterogeneity of the mid- to late Holocene precipitation pattern across China is remarkable. A rapid cold and drought event at around 4 ka before present (BP) was identified, which might be a key factor that caused the decline in the agricultural civilization during the late Neolithic Age in northwestern China

Finite Element Analysis and Experimental Investigation of Tool Chatter in Ultra-Precision Diamond Micro-Milling Process

Ultra-precision milling with an aerostatic high-speed spindle and a single-crystal diamond micro-tool is promising for the fabrication of miniaturized complex parts. While tool chatter occurring in milling processes has a substantial effect on the machined surface formation, a fundamental understanding of the tool chatter behavior in ultra-precision milling is essentially required for achieving an ultra-high surface finish. In this paper, through a combination of finite element simulations and experimental validations, the machining mechanisms of the ultra-precision diamond micro-milling of a copper workpiece are revealed, in which the tool chatter behavior and its correlation with the machined surface morphology are emphatically studied. Specifically, the correlation between the tool chatter and the transient depth of cut is analytical established. Subsequently, we first establish a finite element model of diamond micro-milling with the consideration of milling tool deformation and material removal to reveal the tool chatter behavior during the milling process. Furthermore, a corresponding micro-milling experiment is also conducted to validate the simulation results in terms of the milling force, chip profile and morphology of machined surfaces. Finally, the effect of spindle speed on the milling process in particular tool chatter is investigated by FE simulations, through which a linear relationship between the spindle speed and microscopic roughness Rz of a machined surface is obtained. The research findings provide a theoretical basis for understanding the origination of tool chatter in the diamond micro-milling process, as well as the rational selection of machining parameters for suppressing the tool chatter

Early discovery and early intervention for Autism Spectrum Disorder : Survey in Jiangyin China

Autism is a severe neuro-developmental disorder with strong genetic underpinnings. Its causes are so complicated that they have not been specified yet. If appropriate interventions are not provided to autistic children, they are likely to have poor prognosis, and therefore it is required that symptoms be discovered and treated in the early stage of development. Since no major epidemiological investigations have been conducted, it is said that no appropriate prediction about the rate of crisis can be made. Therefore it has been difficult to establish support systems for autistic children in fields such as medicine, psychology, education and welfare. In the present study a survey was conducted to 900 parents or guardians of children aged from 3 to 6 years old in Jiangyin city, China. It is hoped that the study will enable us to learn about situations about autistic children in China, and also to provide basic information for future Japan-China comparison. The study also aims to identify the problems to be solved about medication and education, and to establish systems for early discovery and intervention

Suppression of lymphocyte apoptosis in spleen by CXCL13 after porcine circovirus type 2 infection and regulatory mechanism of CXCL13 expression in pigs

Abstract Porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVAD) is one of the most serious infectious diseases in pigs worldwide. The primary causative agent of PCVAD is porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), which can cause lymphoid depletion and immunosuppression in pigs. Our previous study demonstrated that Laiwu (LW) pigs, a Chinese indigenous pig breed, have stronger resistance to PCV2 infection than Yorkshire × Landrace (YL) pigs. In this study, we found that the YL pigs showed more severe lymphocyte apoptosis and higher viral load in the spleen tissue than LW pigs. To illustrate the differential gene expression between healthy and infected spleens, transcriptome profiling of spleen tissues from PCV2-infected and control YL pigs was compared by RNA sequencing. A total of 90 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was identified, including CD207, RSAD2, OAS1, OAS2, MX2, ADRB3, CXCL13, CCR1, and ADRA2C, which were significantly enriched in gene ontology (GO) terms related to the defense response to virus and cell–cell signaling, and another nine DEGs, KLF11, HGF, PTGES3, MAP3K11, XDH, CYCS, ACTC1, HSPH1, and RYR2, which were enriched in GO terms related to regulation of cell proliferation or apoptosis. Among these DEGs, the CXCL13 gene, which can suppress lymphocyte apoptosis during PCV2 infection, was significantly down-regulated in response to PCV2 infection in YL but not in LW pigs. By analysis of the regulatory elements in the promoter and 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) of porcine CXCL13, we found that the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) −1014 G (LW) > A (YL) and the Sus scrofa microRNA-296-5p (ssc-miR-296-5p) participated in regulating CXCL13 expression during the response to PCV2 infection

Clathrin-mediated endocytosis of VE-cad after LPS treatment.

<p>The co-immunoprecipitation of VE-cad with clathrin was dominant 1 h after LPS treatment (A); immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy observations also demonstrated the significant co-localization (yellow) of VE-cad with clathrin 1 h after LPS treatment (B). Scale bars: 40 µm. # <i>P</i><0.05 vs normal control group.</p

Activation of signaling pathways associated with caveolae-mediated endocytosis after LPS treatment.

<p>Protein expression of Cav-1 was not obviously changed after LPS treatment, whereas its phosphorylation (Tyr14) was gradually increased (A). The protein expression of Src was also gradually increased after LPS treatment (B); its increased expression could be decreased by the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) inhibitor CLI-095 (C). The inhibitors of Src and TLR4, SU6656 and CLI-095, respectively, significantly decreased the phosphorylation (Tyr14) of Cav-1 (D), reduced the co-immunoprecipitation of VE-cad with Cav-1 and the co-immunoprecipitation of VE-cad with phospho-Cav-1 (E, F), increased the expression of VE-cad at the plasma membrane (G), and improved the monolayer cell permeability 4 h after LPS treatment (H). P-Cav-1, phospho-Cav-1. # <i>P</i><0.05 vs normal control group. * <i>P</i><0.05 vs 4 h after LPS treatment.</p

Air-Flow Impacting for Continuous, Highly Efficient, Large-Scale Mechanochemical Synthesis: A Proof-of-Concept Study

We report a novel air-flow impacting method for mechanochemical synthesis. It is an alternative approach for conventional mechanochemical synthesis. The feasibility of this method was demonstrated via the preparation of three Schiff bases containing N,N′-bis­(m-nitrobenzylidene)-p-phenylenediamine (compound 1), N,N′-bis­(2-hydroxy-1-naphthylmethylene)-p-phenylenediamine (compound 2), and polymeric Schiff base as the model compounds. The as-prepared Schiff bases were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance, ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. All the results indicated that two bis-schiff bases were successfully synthesized after 3 min at the rate of 1.5 kg min^–1. In addition, kinetic analysis was carried out to study the reaction mechanisms by detecting the UV–vis spectra of the products at different reaction times. It was found that the preparation of compound 1 belonged to the two-dimensional diffusion-controlled model, while the synthesis of compound 2 is the two-dimensional diffusion-controlled product growth following deceleratory nucleation