Movie S2 from Optimizing mating encounters by sexually dimorphic movements

Change over time in distance between a male and a female performing Lévy walk with the same power-law exponent μ under one-dimensional boundless conditions. Red bars indicate the proportions of pairs that have already encountered one another

Supplementary Materials from Optimizing mating encounters by sexually dimorphic movements

Figs S1-S7 and Table S

Movie S3 from Optimizing mating encounters by sexually dimorphic movements

Change over time in distance between a male and a female performing Lévy walk with different power-law exponents μ under one-dimensional boundless conditions. Red bars indicate the proportions of pairs that have already encountered one another

Movie S1 from Optimizing mating encounters by sexually dimorphic movements

Change over time in locations of individuals performing Lévy walk with various power-law exponents (μ = 1.1, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0)

The distribution of step lengths obtained from a representative individual that exhibited truncated Lévy walk pattern.

<p>The analysis were conducted for x-axis (a) and y-axis (b) separately. Black dots are observations, red and blue dashed lines are truncated Pareto and competing exponential distributions, respectively, fitted to the data.</p

The comparison of diffusive properties between movements on the servosphere and in the small arena.

<p>The trajectories of an individual (id: 5) are presented on the servosphere (a) and in the Small arena (b). Mean squared displacements for the trajectories on the servosphere are presented in red whereas those in the small arena are presented in blue (c). The changes in diffusion exponents across analyzed time (d). Lines indicate the means and shadows indicate standard deviations of all analyzed individuals (red: servosphere; blue: Small arena).</p

Diagram of the large arena.

<p>At the beginning of each experiment, a single pillbug was placed in the center of the arena, which is the lattice point surrounded by lattices numbered 19900, 19901, 20100, and 20101.</p

Diffusion process of pillbugs on the servosphere and in the large arena.

<p>The time until leaving the area of 3.6 × 3.6 m is compared between individuals mounted on the servosphere and those in the Large arena. The + symbol represents that the individuals were still walking within the arena after 1800 sec (the data were then treated as “right-censored” in the survival analysis).</p

The comparison of movement characteristics between servosphere and arenas.

<p>Bars represents standard errors. The asterisks indicate the presence of significant differences (**: <i>P</i> < 0.01, ***: <i>P</i> < 0.001, Wilcoxon signed-rank test). Note that the values for servosphere (filled bars) are different between left and right columns because of the difference in FPS.</p

System diagram of the ANTAM (animal tracking device-accompanied mobile suit).

<p>(A) System chart with wireframe model of the mechanical part of ANTAM. (B)3D model of the ANTAM (C) The optical mouse sensor is fixed under the sphere, and four universal bearings are arranged around and support the sphere. (D) A photograph of a pillbug walking freely on the ANTAM during moving compensation.</p