The bilingualised dictionary : help or spoil?

論

Development of specialized hand-held electronic dictionaries with special reference to those for medical professionals and students

In the course of 25 years of their existence, hand-held electronic dictionaries (HHEDs) have become more comprehensive in terms of content and more sophisticated technologically. One dimension in which the specification of these devices has advanced is the subject field of HHEDs. Medicine is one prime example of this trend. Medical HHEDs, which include many specialized, not readily accessible print dictionaries, save the user considerable time and effort. The HHED’s electronically enhanced navigability makes almost redundant the rules and conventions associated with consultation of print dictionaries. The market of medical HHEDs has been dominated by Casio and Seiko Instruments Inc. (SII). Each manufacturer contracted a block of publishers to supply contents for its respective set of products. With SII’s withdrawal from the HHED business, Stedman’s Medical Dictionary and its Japanese version were included in Casio’s HHED. The integration of a source dictionary and its translated version to be exploited for bi-directional consultation and learning in either language can be a useful, potential avenue for the next generation of HHEDs, in the environment rendered more competitive by a wide array of smart devices with Internet connectivity

An Empirical Approach to the Review of EFL Dictionaries: LDOCE2,LDOCE3,COBUILD1,and COBUILD2

論

Investigation of the Drawability of Sheet Metals (Measurements of r Values of Sheet Steel)

For assessing the qualities of sheet metal for deep-drawing by the tension test, γ value is adopted generally. However, it is difficult and complicated to obtain the precise value of it. In order to obtain the value precisely and easily, the authors have made trialy the devices to measure directly the elongation and the reductions of width and thickness; these devices are transducers to which the electrical resistance strain gauges are applied. By using these devices, precise, continuous, multipoint and quick measurement can be done. It has been clarified by the continuous measurements that γ values are not the same relating to the elongations. It is recommended that one uses γ value obtained at about 25% elongation

Electrolytic Tank Analogue Design and Application of Automatic Control

It is well known that electrolytic tank analogue, which is used to measure the electric potential and the potential gradient of the electrostatic field formed analogically by the model electrodes in an electrolytic tank by a submerged probe tip, is a usual method not only for the analysis of electrostatic equipotential line distribution, but also for the solution of other fields where Laplacian equation is followed, for instance, stress analysis in the field of material, hydraulics and thermal conduction problem by analogical consideration. Furthermore, by an adequate arrangement of mechanisms, a design of electric network function, and a plotting of electron trajectory in an electrostatic field are made possible. Such wide usefulness of electrolytic tank analogue in practical purpose has resulted from the simple construction of mechanism, and the easy operation of equipment. From the viewpoint of practical use, however, many problems to be solved concerning electrolytic tank analogue still remain. This means that higher accuracy and much easier operation are necessary. In considering the accuracy of electrolytic tank analogue, the error of measurement can be said to depend principally on the following factors : the polarization of liquid near the electrodes, the perturbation of an electric field by a submerged probe, the surface tension, and the mechanical construction. Other workers reported that the factors to be concerned about the accuracy are the same as those described above, but few have made reports on the quantitative measurement of individual factors. On the other hand, in spite of the usefulness of the electrolytic tank, the manual control is tediousness as well as the waste of time to the operator. Then the application of automatic control has been desired. For this reason, it has been often tried to apply servomechanism for the electrolytic tank analogue, and some investigators have reported an automatic electrolytic tank analogue, especially, the automatic equipotential line plotter, the automatic electron trajectory plotter, and the network function designer. However, many problems concerning the mechanism and operation of these automatic equipments still remain to be solved for practical purposes. We tried an investigation for the practicalization of electrolytic tank analogue, especially the measurement of accuracy, and the automation of the equipments. First, the measurement of accuracy about the probe impedance and the polarization of liquid were tried, and then an automatic equipotential line plotter and an automatic electron trajectory tracer were constructed. This paper gives the summary of the work on the electrolytic tank analogue. In Chapter I, it is described the problems about the electrolytic tank analogue and a general explanation of the present authors\u27 work as well as a review of previous works by others. In Chapter II, the mechanism and the general theory of electrolytic tank analogue is described. The measurement of accuracy is also given on the basis of the experiment of the authors. With respect to the polarization of liquid, the excess resistance and the capacity caused by the polarization were measured in many kinds of combinations of liquids and electrode metals. On the other hand, in reference to the perturbation by the probe, the changes in probe impedance depending on the submerged depth in every probe metals were measured from the viewpoint of minimizing the field perturbation and getting the adequate input impedance of the first stage vacuum tube amplifier of a null detector. In Chapter III, it is reported in detail the automatic equipotential line plotter which was constructed on the principle of applying the automatic control to the electroyltic tank analogue. This equipment is an extension of the usual electrolytic tank method to automatic plotting by means of servomechanism ; it causes the probe to keep itself on the equipotential line to be plotted, compensating any deviation, as it travells in one direction. The mechanism of the equipment and several examples of the equipotential line maps are given. In Chapter IV, it is described the automatic electron trajectory tracer in a electrostatic field. The method of measuring the electron trajectory in two demensional electrostatic fields is based on the fact that the radius of curvature of electron trajectory is equal to the ratio 2V/ε_n when a pair of probe wires dipped into the electrolytic tank detects V (the potential of the field formed by model electrodes where electron exists) and ε_n (the potential gradient normal to the direction of motion). The plotting is achieved by the continuous adjustment of the radius of curvature of the probe path, compensating the deviation as the probe moves on the surface of electrolyte. Mechanical design, electrical curcuit, and the performance are also discussed. In Chapter V, it is found the summary of the work about the general accuracy of electrolytic tank analogue and the attempt to apply the automatic control to it. Finally, in Appendix, it is described a new type A. C. potentiometer by which amplitude and phase difference of A. C. voltage can be measured. The characteristics of this apparatus is based on the principle that the amplitude and the phase difference of unknown A. C. voltage are measured by comparing with the standard voltage having the same frequency. In this case, the standard voltage is converted to the form a_0+jb_0 by a quadrature generator. This is a useful instrument for detecting very rapidly the resistance of electrolyte or the probe impedance. It is also a convenient tool for comparing two A. C. voltages as in the case of designing servomechanism

Statistical Maintenance Time Estimation Based on Stochastic Differential Equation Models in OSS Development Project

At present, the method of earned value management is often applied to the actual software projects in various IT companies. Also, open source software (OSS) are used under the various situations, because the OSS are useful for many users to make a cost reduction, standardization of systems, and quick delivery. Many OSS are developed under the peculiar development style known as bazaar method. According to the bazaar method, many faults are detected and fixed by developers around the world, and the fixed result will be reflected in the next release. In this paper, we discuss an OSS effort estimation model by using a conventional stochastic differential equation model. Moreover, we propose an optimal maintenance problem based on the proposed effort estimation model. Then, we discuss the optimal maintenance problem minimizing the maintenance effort and satisfying the earned value requirement, simultaneously. In addition, we also propose a method of judging whether the optimal maintenance time is an appropriate time from the viewpoint of the transition probability distribution of the cumulative number of maintenance effort, because proper management of maintenance effort affects software quality. Furthermore, several numerical examples of optimal maintenance time problem with earned value requirement are shown by using the effort data under actual OSS projec

Optimum Block Replacement Polies for a Two-Unit Paralleled Redundant System with Discounting

Many block replacement policies have been discussed. Most of them are policies on a one-unit system. This paper considers a two-unit paralleled redundant system in which a failed unit is replaced at failure. We discuss a block replacement problem for such a system and derive two cases on the optimum block replacement policies minimizing the expected total discounted cost for an infinite time span. Furthermore, numerical examples of the optimum block replacement policies are shown

A preliminary study of a cloth guiding mechanism for automatic sewing system

Purpose - In the trend from mass production to mass customization, more flexible production systems are required. In the clothing field, many studies about automatization of sewing processes have been done into producing small amounts of various kinds of products. The purpose of this paper is to propose a versatile guiding mechanism of a cloth for an automatic sewing system. Design/methodology/approach - Real sewing processes were referenced for the mechanism, and curved stitch is formed holding a point on a cloth. This mechanism consists of a solenoid for holding a cloth and a roller to prevent deformation of the cloth. When a cloth is sewn with the mechanism, the trajectory of the stitch is unstable because of anisotropy of a cloth. A precise trajectory was obtained by adding a device to control the pressure of the roller for holding a cloth and keeping a tension properly applied to a cloth. Findings - It was found out that shearing property is the most related to the stability of sewing trajectory: lithe tension for guidance applied to a cloth is constant, deformation of the cloth was observed and it was the cause of unstableness of sewing trajectory. By controlling the tension for guidance applied to a cloth properly according to the direction of the cloth, precise sewing trajectory was obtained. Originality/value - There have been some studies in which sewing conditions were dynamically controlled according to the mechanical properties of a cloth. To these studies, here it was proposed that sewing conditions were kept constant by controlling the guidance of a cloth according to its mechanical properties.ArticleINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLOTHING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. 24(1):6-14 (2012)journal articl