70 research outputs found
Pusher現象例の主観的垂直認知にUSNが及ぼす影響
Pusher behavior (PB) impairs verticality in the frontal plane and is often associated with unilateral spatial neglect (USN). However, it is unclear whether USN affects verticality among patients with PB. We aimed to clarify the characteristics of verticality among PB, with and without USN. The study included 43 patients with right hemisphere stroke, including 12 without PB or USN, 10 with only USN, 10 with PB only, and 11 with PB and USN, and 15 age-matched healthy individuals. The subjective visual vertical (SVV), subjective postural vertical with eyes closed (SPV), and subjective postural vertical with eyes open were assessed. Under each condition, the mean (tilt direction) and standard deviation (variability) across trials were calculated. The variability of SVV was significantly greater among patients with only USN (6.9°±5.9°) or those with PB and USN (7.6 ± 4.3°). On SPV, the contralesional tilt was significantly greater, with higher variability, in patients with only PB (-2.2°±1.1° and 6.3°±1.4°, respectively) and those with PB and USN (-2.1°±2.0° and 6.6°±2.0°, respectively) than in the other groups. In patients with PB, SVV differed depending on the presence of USN, but it was suggested that SPV might not be affected by USN. These findings are important to plan PB treatment.首都大学東京学位論文甲第966号副論
健常者における主観的身体垂直の再テスト法による信頼性と加齢による差異
The subjective postural vertical (SPV) reflects gravity perception when the eyes are closed. Changes in the SPV on both the frontal and sagittal planes occur in response to neurological disorders and aging; however, these changes on the diagonal plane are unclear. Here we examined test–retest reliability (n=16) of and age-related changes (n=38) in the SPVon the diagonal plane. Subjects sat on an electrical vertical board (EVB), which was used to measure the SPVon the diagonal plane. An experimenter controlled and moved the EVB seat at a constant speed on the diagonal plane and measured the seat’s tilt using a digital inclinometer when subjects verbally reported that they had reached a true vertical position. Measurement was performed for eight trials, and the mean (tilt direction) and standard deviation (variability) were calculated. To determine test–retest reliability, the same experimenter repeatedly measured the SPV 1 week later. To assess age-related changes, tilt direction and variability were compared between the young (n=20) and elderly (n=18) groups. Test–retest reliability on the right and left diagonal planes was 0.61 or more. Moreover, tilt direction on the right diagonal plane – but not on the left diagonal plane – indicated a significant diagonally backward deviation in the elderly group compared with that in the young group.Variability was significantly higher in the elderly group on both planes. SPV measurement on the diagonal plane was indicated, and age-related changes were identified. Thus, future studies should assess the potential clinical applications of SPV in neurological disorders.首都大学東京学位論文甲第966号副論
Characterization of autonomous Dart1 transposons belonging to the hAT superfamily in rice
An endogenous 0.6-kb rice DNA transposon, nDart1-0, was found as an active nonautonomous element in a mutable virescent line, pyl-v, displaying leaf variegations. Here, we demonstrated that the active autonomous element aDart in pyl-v corresponds to Dart1-27 on chromosome 6 in Nipponbare, which carries no active aDart elements, and that aDart and Dart1-27 are identical in their sequences and chromosomal locations, indicating that Dart1-27 is epigenetically silenced in Nipponbare. The identification of aDart in pyl-v was first performed by map-based cloning and by detection of the accumulated transposase transcripts. Subsequently, various transposition activities of the cloned Dart1-27 element from Nipponbare were demonstrated in Arabidopsis. Dart1-27 in Arabidopsis was able to excise nDart1-0 and Dart1-27 from cloned sites, generating footprints, and to integrate into new sites, generating 8-bp target site duplications. In addition to Dart1-27, Nipponbare contains 37 putative autonomous Dart1 elements because their putative transposase genes carry no apparent nonsense or frameshift mutations. Of these, at least four elements were shown to become active aDart elements in transgenic Arabidopsis plants, even though considerable sequence divergence arose among their transposases. Thus, these four Dart1 elements and Dart1-27 in Nipponbare must be potential autonomous elements silenced epigenetically. The regulatory and evolutionary implications of the autonomous Dart1 elements and the development of an efficient transposon-tagging system in rice are discussed
Effects of Dynamic Sitting Exercise with Delayed Visual Feedback in the Early Post-Stroke Phase: A Pilot Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial
Sitting ability in the early post-stroke phase affects functional balance ability and other prognoses. We investigated whether dynamic sitting exercise with delayed visual feedback in the mediolateral and anteroposterior directions affected postural control in the early post-stroke phase. In this pilot randomized controlled trial, 27 hemiparetic stroke patients were randomized to experimental (n = 13) and control (n = 14) groups. Dynamic sitting exercise (30 times/day, 5 days/week) in the mediolateral and anteroposterior directions, with 500-ms-delayed (experimental group) or real-time (control group) visual feedback on a computer, was added to usual physical therapy. We evaluated the postural assessment scale for stroke (PASS), static and dynamic sitting balance tasks, the five-times sit-to-stand test, trunk impairment scale, functional ambulation category, and functional independence measure–motor items. In intention-to-treat analysis, the experimental group demonstrated a significant intervention effect on the PASS score (p < 0.05). The mean percentage of body weight on the moving side in the lateral sitting task and the number of successes in the five-times sit-to-stand test were significantly higher in the experimental group than those in the control group (p < 0.05). Thus, the proposed exercise improves postural control, dynamic sitting balance, and sit-to-stand ability in early post-stroke patients
The Changing Landscape for Stroke\ua0Prevention in AF: Findings From the GLORIA-AF Registry Phase 2
Background GLORIA-AF (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation) is a prospective, global registry program describing antithrombotic treatment patterns in patients with newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation at risk of stroke. Phase 2 began when dabigatran, the first non\u2013vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC), became available. Objectives This study sought to describe phase 2 baseline data and compare these with the pre-NOAC era collected during phase 1. Methods During phase 2, 15,641 consenting patients were enrolled (November 2011 to December 2014); 15,092 were eligible. This pre-specified cross-sectional analysis describes eligible patients\u2019 baseline characteristics. Atrial fibrillation disease characteristics, medical outcomes, and concomitant diseases and medications were collected. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results Of the total patients, 45.5% were female; median age was 71 (interquartile range: 64, 78) years. Patients were from Europe (47.1%), North America (22.5%), Asia (20.3%), Latin America (6.0%), and the Middle East/Africa (4.0%). Most had high stroke risk (CHA2DS2-VASc [Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age 6575 years, Diabetes mellitus, previous Stroke, Vascular disease, Age 65 to 74 years, Sex category] score 652; 86.1%); 13.9% had moderate risk (CHA2DS2-VASc = 1). Overall, 79.9% received oral anticoagulants, of whom 47.6% received NOAC and 32.3% vitamin K antagonists (VKA); 12.1% received antiplatelet agents; 7.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. For comparison, the proportion of phase 1 patients (of N = 1,063 all eligible) prescribed VKA was 32.8%, acetylsalicylic acid 41.7%, and no therapy 20.2%. In Europe in phase 2, treatment with NOAC was more common than VKA (52.3% and 37.8%, respectively); 6.0% of patients received antiplatelet treatment; and 3.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. In North America, 52.1%, 26.2%, and 14.0% of patients received NOAC, VKA, and antiplatelet drugs, respectively; 7.5% received no antithrombotic treatment. NOAC use was less common in Asia (27.7%), where 27.5% of patients received VKA, 25.0% antiplatelet drugs, and 19.8% no antithrombotic treatment. Conclusions The baseline data from GLORIA-AF phase 2 demonstrate that in newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients, NOAC have been highly adopted into practice, becoming more frequently prescribed than VKA in Europe and North America. Worldwide, however, a large proportion of patients remain undertreated, particularly in Asia and North America. (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation [GLORIA-AF]; NCT01468701
Room Temperature Imprint Using Crack-Free Monolithic SiO2-PVA Nanocomposite for Fabricating Microhole Array on Silica Glass
This paper aims to fabricate microhole arrays onto a silica glass via a room temperature imprint and subsequent sintering by using a monolithic SiO2-poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanocomposite as the silica glass precursor. The SiO2-PVA suspension was prepared from fumed silica particles and PVA, followed by drying to obtain tailored SiO2-PVA nanocomposites. The dependence of particle size of the fumed silica particles on pore size of the nanocomposite was examined. Nanocomposites prepared from 7 nm silica particles possessed suitable mesopores, whereas the corresponding nanocomposites prepared from 30 nm silica particles hardly possessed mesopores. The pore size of the nanocomposites increased as a function of decreasing pH of the SiO2-PVA suspension. As a consequence, the crack-free monolithic SiO2-PVA nanocomposite was obtained using 7 nm silica particles via the suspension at pH 3. Micropatterns were imprinted on the monolithic SiO2-PVA nanocomposite at room temperature. The imprinted nanocomposite was sintered to a transparent silica glass at 1200°C in air. The fabricated sintered glass possessed the microhole array on their surface with aspect ratios identical to the mold
嚢胞腎の形態診断 (核医学診断を中心に)
嚢胞腎, 70例について, その統計学的観察とともに,嚢胞腎の形態診断における,腎シンチグラムの有用性について,超音波断層法,コンピュータ断層撮影など,他の放射線診断法との比較もまじえて,検討した。また,他臓器に合併した嚢胞性病変に対する検索も行ない,嚢胞腎の臨床診断における総合イメージ診断の意義について考察した。嚢胞腎は,病変の進行度により, 臨床的に無症候性,症候性および尿毒症の3つの病期に分けられ,その形態診断に際しては,腎機能障害の有無が問題になる。 著者は,99mTc-PACおよび99mTc-DMSAによる腎シンチグラフィーでの腎イメージの描出度会4つのGrade!こ分類し, それぞれのGrade と腎機能を対比するとともに,他の形態診断法と比較検討し,1)腎機能がほぼ正常範囲内の場合,排泄性尿路造影と腎シンチグラフィーにより嚢胞腎の形態診断を得るのに充分な情報を得ることができる。 2) 腎機能低下を認める場合, 特に血清クレアチニン値,4.0mg/dl以上,あるいはBUN,50 mg/dl以上を呈しているような場合は,まず,腹部単純撮影により,腫大した両側の腎陰影を確認した後,超音波断層法,またはコンピュータ断層撮影により,両側の多発性嚢胞性病変を確認した後,充分な腎イメージは期待できないが,腎シンチグラフィーにより腎全体のイメージおよび残在腎実質を把握することが理想的である, との結論を得た。いずれにしても,腎機能への依存性が少なく, しかも被検者への侵襲性の少ない超音波断層法が,すぐれていると思われるが,反面,再現性に乏しいなどの欠点も認められた。他臓器に合併した嚢胞性病変については,おもに肝について,肝シンチグラフィーおよび超音波断層法などにより検索し, 60例中,37例(61%) に,肝の嚢胞性病変が認められた。いずれの症例においても,肝腫大のほかには,特に肝機能障害,門脈圧亢進などの所見は認められなかった。嚢胞腎における多発性肝嚢胞の合併頻度は,ほとんどの報告で, 30%から50%の範囲にあり, 著者のシリーズでは,ややそれを凌駕した。このように,嚢胞腎の形態診断に際して,腎外臓器の嚢胞性病変,特に,脳動脈癌に対する配慮が重要であるが,逆に,肝をはじめとするそれらの臓器を検索することにより,さらにその診断精度が増すものと思われる。Our clinical experiences with 70 cases of polycystic kidneys were reviewed and presented with the pertinent radionuclide and other radiological findings. Radionuclide scanning and excretory urography provided satisfactory diagnostic informations in cases with normal renal function. However, in cases with impaired renal function, with serum creatinine over 4 mg per 100 ml or blood urea nitrogen over 50 mg per 100 ml, ultrasonography and computed tomography should be recommended as useful additional diagnostic measures. The investigation of associated polycystic lesions in the other organs revealed polycystic lesion of the liver in 37 of 60 cases (61.6%). The value of radionuclide study in diagnosis of urological disorders is generally recognized as a harmless and non-time-wasting technique. The diagnostic value of it was estimated and compared with that of the other radiological and pararadiological studies
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