<Study 2> Saccadic eye movements and regional cerebral blood flow in schizophrenic patients.

This study examined tracking eye movements on predetermined stationary targets inpatients with schizophrenia spectrum dis order.The targets were 8 black points or 8 arabics\u27 numbered points placed on the circumference of a circle.Self-paced eye movements during clockwise tracking of these points by 23 patients and 23 normal controls were recorded using an infrared eye-mark recorder.Eye movements were an alyzed at two settings : first, when "fixation point" was defined as a point at which a gaze was held for at least 200 msec, and second, when held for at least 100 msec.The results indicated that at the 200 msec setting schizophrenic patients track with significantly fewer correct scores and more deviant scores than controls under black-point conditions.At the 100-msec setting, however, the correct scores of the patients were not significantly different from those of the controls, although the patients displayed more aberrant paths than the controls.The superfluous fixations in the patients improved significantly under numbered-point conditions, but patients still achieved lower correct scores than the controls. Four of the 23 patients exhibited centering (aberrant path directed toward the center point), suggesting immature control of eye movements under black-point conditions but not numbered-point conditions.These results suggest that some schizophrenic patients viewed the targets too quickly and that they have impaired directed attention, which can be improved by cues, and may have impaired preprogramming of eye movements, which is not improved by external cues.This study examined saccadic eye movements using simple stationary targets, in schizophrenic patients.The targets were 8 black points or 8 arabic-numbered points placed in randomized order on the circumference of a circle.Self-paced eye movements during clockwise tracking of these points, by 23 patients and 23 controls, were recorded using an infrared eye-mark recorder.Then the relationship between the saccades and clinical syndromes was investigated. Finally, the relationship between the performance of the saccades and resting regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was examined using single photon emission computed tomography with 99mTc-hexamethyl propyleneamine oxime (HMPAO).The results indicate that patients track with significantly fewer correct scores and more deviant scores than controls, in agreement with our previous study.There were two groups of patients : an ordinary group who obtained a full target hitting score at a 200 ms setting and a fast group who obtained the full score at 100 ms but not at 200 ms.Some patients displayed significantly more hypermetria than controls.Significant correlations were found between alienation syndrome (auditory hallucination and disturbance of the self) and correct scores, or delusion syndrome and deviant score.With respect to relative rCBF, fast group patients showed significantly decreased rCBF in the left limbic and inferior parietal areas as compared with ordinary group patients.These findings suggest that some schizophrenic patients view the stationary targets too fast and this may be related to dysfunction in the limbic-parietal association area in the left hemisphere.富山医科薬科大学・博士(医学)・乙第283号・松井三枝・1995/6/28富山医科薬科大

Resuscitation from Cardiac Arrest, Occuring During Cardiac Catheterisation : A

This is the report of a case of successful cardiac resuscitation following cardiac arrest during cardiac catheterisation, treated with brain cooling, 12 minutes having elapsed between the arrest and initiation of cardiac massage

Hybrid Rocket Firing Experiments at Various Axial–Tangential Oxidizer-Flow-Rate Ratios

A bread board model (BBM) of an Altering-intensity Swirling Flow Type (A-SOFT) hybrid rocket engine was recently developed, and static firing experiments of the BBM were performed under various axial and tangential oxidizer mass flow rates. A-SOFTs are intended to control thrust at an optimal O/F and achieve a high baseline of regression rates with a fixed motor configuration. This is possible by controlling both the oxidizer mass flow rate and effective geometric swirl number. A simple model based on a continuous and monotonic function of oxidizer mass flux and effective geometric swirl number was able to accurately predict performance of experiments conducted on the A-SOFT BBM. The local fuel regression behavior in the axial direction of the A-SOFT BBM was shown to be like that of Swirling Oxidizer Flow Type (SOFT) hybrid rocket engine. Combustion efficiency was evaluated indirectly using equations for the efficiencies of thrust and specific impulse to eliminate errors due to local pressure shifts and the centrifugal force in swirling flows. In most cases, this indirect method compensated for the overestimations of c* efficiency that resulted by directly using chamber pressure data

Attitude Control Simulator for the Small Satellite and Its Validation by On-orbit Data of QSAT-EOS

The role of the microsatellites has become significant due to the progress of performance and miniaturization of the electronics devices. For the purpose of earth observation the constellation flight of the microsatellites has made it possible to obtain the continuous data of the designated location and it is expected that the data be utilized in wide variety of the filed such as science, agriculture, industries, and climate monitoring. As the microsatellites take the LEO, the time of observation on the designated location is limited. Therefore the agile and precise pointing performance is required so as the attitude control accuracies. This paper presents the development of the attitude control simulator for the microsatellite for the use of design of the attitude control subsystem. Quaternion feedback control is proved to be effective and stable. Then the on-orbit data of the QSAT-EOS (Kyushu Satellite for Earth Observation System Demonstration) is analyzed to confirm the effectiveness of the quaternion feedback control. QSAT-EOS was launched in 2014 and now is in the deorbit phase after two year operation. Results of the on-orbit data analysis have suggested some necessities of improvement of the simulator and control algorithm which are the future subject

Anesthetic management of a patient with achalasia, a disease with a considerable risk for aspiration under anesthesia

Abstract Background Achalasia is a rare condition characterized by dysfunction of esophageal motility and impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter. Anesthetic management of these patients is challenging due to the elevated risk of regurgitation and aspiration. Case presentation A 53-year-old man diagnosed with achalasia was scheduled for renal cancer surgery before esophageal myotomy. Since his severe dysphagia suggested the possibility of vomiting and aspiration under anesthesia, a stomach tube was inserted before induction of general anesthesia. After preoxygenation, rapid sequence induction was performed and an antiemetic was administered to prevent postoperative vomiting. Although anesthetic management was uneventful, the inserted stomach tube coiled up in the dilated esophagus and substantial residue was aspirated via the tube even after a prolonged fasting period. Conclusion Anesthesiologists should be familiar with achalasia even though it is an uncommon disease, since affected patients are at risk of regurgitation and aspiration under anesthesia

A Study on High Temperature Effects in Shock Wave/Boundary Layer Interaction Induced by Compression Corner

High temperature effects on shock wave-boundary layer interaction induced by two-dimensional compression corner have been numerically investigated. When a strong normal shock wave impinges on a ramp surface and reflects on the surface, steady flow is ind