11 research outputs found
Investigation on the Physical and Chemical Properties of Hydrochar and Its Derived Pyrolysis Char for Their Potential Application: Influence of Hydrothermal Carbonization Conditions
Hydrothermal
carbonization (HTC) is an aqueous-phase procedure to prepare charred
material using biomass. To obtain a charred material with high porosity,
ash content, and thermal recalcitrance, it is necessary to investigate
the influence of HTC conditions (peak temperature, retention time,
and feedstock type) on the properties of hydrochar and its derived
pyrolysis char (HDPC). Additionally, the relative importance of these
conditions for the selected properties was also investigated by heterogeneity
index. The results indicated that the properties of both hydrochar
and HDPC samples were greatly influenced by the HTC process. The ash
content and major metal elements (Na, Mg, K, and Ca) of hydrochar
and HDPC samples were strongly influenced by the feedstock type; other
properties, such as surface area, carbon sequestration potential,
total carbon, total nitrogen, and dissolved organic carbon were moderately
influenced by the feedstock type. Overall, this study provided new
insights into the relative importance of different HTC conditions
in the properties of hydrochar and HDPC samples, which was an important
process toward obtaining a ārequiredā charred material
for environmental remediation
Novel and High-Performance Magnetic Carbon Composite Prepared from Waste Hydrochar for Dye Removal
In
recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the hydrothermal
liquefaction (HTL) of waste biomass for the production of bio-oil
and hydrochar (a solid residue from HTL process). However, hydrochar
possesses limited porosity and surface area, hindering its environmental
application. In the present work, to promote the development of a
sustainable application of waste biomass, waste hydrochar was activated
and modified to a novel magnetic carbon composite, which exhibited
high performance for dye removal from aqueous solutions. The composite
possessed a saturation magnetization of 38.5 emu g<sup>ā1</sup> at room temperature and could be facilely attracted from an aqueous
solution by an external magnet. The as-prepared composite exhibited
a superior malachite green (MG) adsorption capacity (476 mg g<sup>ā1</sup>), which was much
higher than the known magnetic adsorbents. Our results suggested that
the waste hydrochar could be efficiently transformed to a high-performance
sustainable material for dye removal
MOESM1 of Methane potentials of wastewater generated from hydrothermal liquefaction of rice straw: focusing on the wastewater characteristics and microbial community compositions
Additional file 1: Table S1. Characteristics of rice straw and the following line is standard error of each value; Table S2. Number of the high-quality sequences; Figure S1. COD, TOC and pH values of HTLWW samples under different HTL conditions; Figure S2. Comparison of methane production potentials of samples 200Ā Ā°Cā0.5 h, 260Ā Ā°Cā0.5 h and 200Ā Ā°Cā4 h
Facile Fabrication of Magnetic Carbon Composites from Hydrochar via Simultaneous Activation and Magnetization for Triclosan Adsorption
Advanced
magnetic carbon composites with high specific surface
area and high microporosity are required for both environmentally
and agriculturally related applications. However, more research is
needed for the development of a facile and highly efficient synthesis
process. In the present work, a novel approach of simultaneous activation
and magnetization is proposed for the fabrication of magnetic carbon
composites via the thermal pyrolysis of hydrochar (i.e., a solid residue
from a hydrothermal carbonization process) that has been pretreated
with mixtures of ferric chloride (FeCl<sub>3</sub>) and zinc chloride
(ZnCl<sub>2</sub>). The main objective of this study is the investigation
of the variation of characteristics of magnetic carbon composites
produced at various conditions, as well as triclosan (TCS) adsorption
behavior on such composites. This presented simple one-step synthesis
method has the following advantages: (a) the hydrochar is activated
with high surface area and pore volume (up to 1351 m<sup>2</sup>/g
and 0.549 cm<sup>3</sup>/g, respectively), (b) activation and magnetization
are simultaneously achieved without further modification, (c) the
magnetic particles (Ī³-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) are stable
under an acidic medium (pH of 3.0 and 4.0), and (d) the products have
the potential to remove TCS from aqueous solutions with a maximum
adsorption capacity of 892.9 mg/g. The results indicate the effectiveness
of this facile synthesis strategy in converting low-value biowaste
into a functional material with high performance for pollutant removal
from aqueous solutions
Demethanation Trend of Hydrochar Induced by Organic Solvent Washing and Its Influence on Hydrochar Activation
Hydrochar derived
from hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) has been
recognized as a promising carbonaceous material for environmental
remediation. Organic solvents are widely used to extract bio-oil from
hydrochar after HTC, but the effects of solvent extraction on hydrochar
characteristics have not been investigated. This study comprehensively
analyzed the effects of different washing times and solvent types
on the hydrochar properties. The results indicate that the mass loss
of hydrochar by tetrahydrofuran washing occurred mainly in the first
90 min, and the loss ratios of elements followed a descending order
of H > C > O, resulting in a decrease in the H/C atomic ratio
and
an increase in the O/C atomic ratio. The use of various solvents for
washing brought about hydrochar loss ratios in a descending order
of petroleum ether < dichloromethane < acetone < tetrahydrofuran.
The results from the Van Krevelen diagram and Fourier transform infrared, <sup>13</sup>C nuclear magnetic resonance, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies
further confirmed that demethanation controlled this washing process.
Most importantly, the surface area of hydrochar increased after bio-oil
removal via washing, which promoted the surface area development for
hydrochar-derived magnetic carbon composites, but to some extent decreased
the microporosity. Additionally, hydrochar washing by organic solvent
has important implications for the global carbon cycle and its remediation
application
Joule Heating Induced Reductive IronāMagnesium Bimetallic Nanocomposite for Eminent Heavy Metal Removal
Fe0-based materials exhibit great power in removing
heavy metals, but their passivation issues remain a challenge. Guided
by the synergistic effects within bimetallic modifications, a novel
reductive FeMg bimetallic nanocomposite (FeMg/NC) was constructed
using flash Joule heating technology. The ultrafast heating and quenching
process achieved a phase-fusional structure comprising Fe0 and Mg0 encapsulated in the resulting aromatic-carbon
layer. Incorporation of highly reductive Mg0 into Fe0-based material led to an approximately 2ā3 times enhancement
in pollutant removal efficiency compared to monometallic nanocomposites.
Experiments and theoretical calculations revealed that this augmented
removal efficiency arose from the FeMg dual-site synergistic effect,
facilitating the interaction between FeMg/NC and the targeted pollutants.
That is, adsorption led to the directional inward diffusion of pollutants,
and the outward release of electrons from this formed phase-fusion
structure was accelerated via the electron delocalization effect.
Therefore, FeMg/NC exhibited excellent removal capacities for typical
heavy metals (including Cr(VI), Sb(V), Ni(II), and Cu(II)). This study
demonstrates the flexibility of Joule heating technology for constructing
bimetallic nanocomposite, which can effectively address heavy metal
pollution and opens up endless possibilities for developing more impactful
environmental remediation materials
Influences of Temperature and Metal on Subcritical Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Hyperaccumulator: Implications for the Recycling of Hazardous Hyperaccumulators
Waste <i>Sedum plumbizincicola</i>, a zinc (Zn) hyperaccumulator
during phytoremediation, was recycled via a subcritical hydrothermal
liquefaction (HTL) reaction into multiple streams of products, including
hydrochar, bio-oil, and carboxylic acids. Results show approximately
90% of Zn was released from the <i>S. plumbizincicola</i> biomass during HTL at an optimized temperature of 220 Ā°C, and
the release risk was mitigated via HTL reaction for hydrochar production.
The low-Zn hydrochar (ā¼200 mg/kg compared to original plant
of 1558 mg/kg) was further upgraded into porous carbon (PC) with high
porosity (930 m<sup>2</sup>/g) and excellent capability of carbon
dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) capture (3 mmol/g). The porosity, micropore
structure, and graphitization degree of PCs were manipulated by the
thermal recalcitrance of hydrochar. More importantly, results showed
that the released Zn<sup>2+</sup> could effectively promote the production
of acetic acid via the oxidation of furfural (FF) and 5-(hydroxymethyl)-furfural
(HMF). Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry
(FT-ICR MS) with negative electrospray ionization analysis confirmed
the deoxygenation and depolymerization reactions and the production
of long chain fatty acids during HTL reaction of <i>S. plumbizincicola</i>. This work provides a new path for the recycling of waste hyperaccumulator
biomass into value-added products
Production Temperature Effects on the Structure of Hydrochar-Derived Dissolved Organic Matter and Associated Toxicity
Hydrochar
is a carbonaceous material derived from hydrothermal liquefaction,
and it carries good potential as a new material for environmental
applications. However, little is known about the dissolved organic
matter (DOM) associated with hydrochar and the consequences of its
release. The relationship between the production temperature and the
characteristics of DOM released from hydrochar as well as the associated
biotoxicity was investigated using a suite of advanced molecular and
spectroscopic tools. With the increase in production temperature,
the resulted hydrochar-based DOM contained a higher content of phenols
and organic acids but less sugars and furans. Meanwhile, the molecular
structure of DOM shifted to lower molecular weight with higher organic
contents containing <6 O atoms per compound, aromatics, and N-containing
substances. While low-temperature hydrochar-derived DOM showed minimal
biotoxicity, increase in production temperature to 330 Ā°C led
to a great rise in toxicity. This might be attributed to the increased
contents of phenols, organic acids, and organics containing <6
O atoms and 1 N atom per compound. These results suggest that hydrochar-derived
DOM have more negative impacts on the environment than the organics
associated with biochar production. Such understanding highlights
the importance of controlling the hydrochar production process
Production Temperature Effects on the Structure of Hydrochar-Derived Dissolved Organic Matter and Associated Toxicity
Hydrochar
is a carbonaceous material derived from hydrothermal liquefaction,
and it carries good potential as a new material for environmental
applications. However, little is known about the dissolved organic
matter (DOM) associated with hydrochar and the consequences of its
release. The relationship between the production temperature and the
characteristics of DOM released from hydrochar as well as the associated
biotoxicity was investigated using a suite of advanced molecular and
spectroscopic tools. With the increase in production temperature,
the resulted hydrochar-based DOM contained a higher content of phenols
and organic acids but less sugars and furans. Meanwhile, the molecular
structure of DOM shifted to lower molecular weight with higher organic
contents containing <6 O atoms per compound, aromatics, and N-containing
substances. While low-temperature hydrochar-derived DOM showed minimal
biotoxicity, increase in production temperature to 330 Ā°C led
to a great rise in toxicity. This might be attributed to the increased
contents of phenols, organic acids, and organics containing <6
O atoms and 1 N atom per compound. These results suggest that hydrochar-derived
DOM have more negative impacts on the environment than the organics
associated with biochar production. Such understanding highlights
the importance of controlling the hydrochar production process
Production Temperature Effects on the Structure of Hydrochar-Derived Dissolved Organic Matter and Associated Toxicity
Hydrochar
is a carbonaceous material derived from hydrothermal liquefaction,
and it carries good potential as a new material for environmental
applications. However, little is known about the dissolved organic
matter (DOM) associated with hydrochar and the consequences of its
release. The relationship between the production temperature and the
characteristics of DOM released from hydrochar as well as the associated
biotoxicity was investigated using a suite of advanced molecular and
spectroscopic tools. With the increase in production temperature,
the resulted hydrochar-based DOM contained a higher content of phenols
and organic acids but less sugars and furans. Meanwhile, the molecular
structure of DOM shifted to lower molecular weight with higher organic
contents containing <6 O atoms per compound, aromatics, and N-containing
substances. While low-temperature hydrochar-derived DOM showed minimal
biotoxicity, increase in production temperature to 330 Ā°C led
to a great rise in toxicity. This might be attributed to the increased
contents of phenols, organic acids, and organics containing <6
O atoms and 1 N atom per compound. These results suggest that hydrochar-derived
DOM have more negative impacts on the environment than the organics
associated with biochar production. Such understanding highlights
the importance of controlling the hydrochar production process