Growth-induced stability in modified SLE curve

In this study, the non-equilibrium free energy corresponding to the curve generated by a modified stochastic Loewner evolution (SLE), which is driven by the Langevin equation, is theoretically investigated. Under certain conditions, we prove that the time derivative of the (generalized) free energy expressed by Kullback-Leibler divergence between the probability distributions of the curve and driving function has a positive value, indicating the negativity of Gibbs entropy production. In addition, it was implied that, in a certain restriction, the free energy can be expressed as a function of a Lyapunov-type exponent of the driving function. These results show a dissipative nature of conformal dynamics, and indicate the growth-induced stability of the modified SLE curve

Cor Triatriatum in the Adult with Aortic Stenosis and Mitral Stenosis

Background：Cor triatriatum is a rare congenital cardiac anomaly, in which the left atrium or right atrium is separated by an abnormal fibromuscular membrane with one or more restrictive orifices. This condition typically presents in infancy or early childhood and can be associated with other cardiac anomalies.Case presentation：A 75-year-old woman was admitted for exertional dyspnea with moderate aortic and mitral stenosis. As cor triatriatum was revealed by a computed tomography and echocardiography, she was referred to our department for surgery. Aortic valve replacement, mitral valve replacement and excision of the membranous septum in the left atrium was performed. This report presents an incidental findings of cor triatriatum with aortic stenosis, moderate mitral stenosis in septuagenarian.Conclusion：We encountered a rare case of cor triatriatum with aortic stenosis and mitral stenosis in septuagenarian. She was incidentally diagnosed by rheumatic aortic and mitral stenosis which had advanced to moderate level

Aortic Valve Replacement in Anomalous Aortic Origin of Right Coronary Artery

A 75-year-old man with severe aortic regurgitation was referred to our department for surgery. Coronary angiography revealed 75% stenosis at left coronary artery( LAD) and a normally positioned left coronary artery. However, the location of the right coronary artery was anomalous. The right coronary artery ostium originated from the ascending aorta above the left coronary cusp. Emergency surgery proceeded to address severe dyspnea due to congestive heart failure. The higher portion of the right coronary artery was incised in sigmoid fashion, the aortic valve was replaced with a 23-mm stented bioprosthesis and coronary bypass grafting proceeded. The postoperative course was uneventful

Hemolytic Anemia soon after Replacement of Ascending Aorta for acute Aortic Dissection

A 61-year-old female underwent replacement of the ascending aorta for Type A aortic dissection, then gradually developed severe hemolytic anemia over 1 month. The cause of hemolysis was found to be mechanical damage of red blood cells caused by an inverted felt strip at the proximal anastomosis. A reoperation for resection of the felt and repair of the proximal anastomosis successfully resolved the problem. Here, we report a rare case of hemolytic anemia at the site of an inverted felt strip that occurred after replacement of the ascending aorta

Modified Bentall operation with bioprosthetic valve and Valsalva graft conduit:the "slit skirt" technique

We elucidated the efficacy of the slit skirt technique to prevent bleeding from the proximal anastomosis between the graft and aortic annulus. Between September 2008 and September 2014, 15 patients underwent a modified Bentall operation with the slit skirt technique at our institution. No patients had bleeding from the proximal anastomosis. No re-thoracotomy for bleeding was required. During midterm follow-up (median period, 21 months), no patient had pseudoaneurysms at the proximal suture line. We conclude that the slit skirt technique is useful to prevent bleeding from the proximal anastomosis after the Bentall operation

Non-Equilibrium Entropy and Irreversibility in Generalized Stochastic Loewner Evolution from an Information-Theoretic Perspective

In this study, we theoretically investigated a generalized stochastic Loewner evolution (SLE) driven by reversible Langevin dynamics in the context of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics. Using the ability of Loewner evolution, which enables encoding of non-equilibrium systems into equilibrium systems, we formulated the encoding mechanism of the SLE by Gibbs entropy-based information-theoretic approaches to discuss its advantages as a means to better describe non-equilibrium systems. After deriving entropy production and flux for the 2D trajectories of the generalized SLE curves, we reformulated the system’s entropic properties in terms of the Kullback–Leibler (KL) divergence. We demonstrate that this operation leads to alternative expressions of the Jarzynski equality and the second law of thermodynamics, which are consistent with the previously suggested theory of information thermodynamics. The irreversibility of the 2D trajectories is similarly discussed by decomposing the entropy into additive and non-additive parts. We numerically verified the non-equilibrium property of our model by simulating the long-time behavior of the entropic measure suggested by our formulation, referred to as the relative Loewner entropy