1,173 research outputs found
Using Caterpillar to Nibble Small-Scale Images
Recently, MLP-based models have become popular and attained significant
performance on medium-scale datasets (e.g., ImageNet-1k). However, their direct
applications to small-scale images remain limited. To address this issue, we
design a new MLP-based network, namely Caterpillar, by proposing a key module
of Shifted-Pillars-Concatenation (SPC) for exploiting the inductive bias of
locality. SPC consists of two processes: (1) Pillars-Shift, which is to shift
all pillars within an image along different directions to generate copies, and
(2) Pillars-Concatenation, which is to capture the local information from
discrete shift neighborhoods of the shifted copies. Extensive experiments
demonstrate its strong scalability and superior performance on popular
small-scale datasets, and the competitive performance on ImageNet-1K to recent
state-of-the-art methods
Polytypism and Unexpected Strong Interlayer Coupling of two-Dimensional Layered ReS2
The anisotropic two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) layered materials,
with both scientific interest and potential application, have one more
dimension to tune the properties than the isotropic 2D materials. The
interlayer vdW coupling determines the properties of 2D multi-layer materials
by varying stacking orders. As an important representative anisotropic 2D
materials, multilayer rhenium disulfide (ReS2) was expected to be random
stacking and lack of interlayer coupling. Here, we demonstrate two stable
stacking orders (aa and a-b) of N layer (NL, N>1) ReS2 from ultralow-frequency
and high-frequency Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy and
first-principles density functional theory calculation. Two interlayer shear
modes are observed in aa-stacked NL-ReS2 while only one interlayer shear mode
appears in a-b-stacked NL-ReS2, suggesting anisotropic-like and isotropic-like
stacking orders in aa- and a-b-stacked NL-ReS2, respectively. The frequency of
the interlayer shear and breathing modes reveals unexpected strong interlayer
coupling in aa- and a-b-NL-ReS2, the force constants of which are 55-90% to
those of multilayer MoS2. The observation of strong interlayer coupling and
polytypism in multi-layer ReS2 stimulate future studies on the structure,
electronic and optical properties of other 2D anisotropic materials
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Revealing of the Activation Pathway and Cathode Electrolyte Interphase Evolution of Li-Rich 0.5Li2MnO3·0.5LiNi0.3Co0.3Mn0.4O2 Cathode by in Situ Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance.
The first-cycle behavior of layered Li-rich oxides, including Li2MnO3 activation and cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) formation, significantly influences their electrochemical performance. However, the Li2MnO3 activation pathway and the CEI formation process are still controversial. Here, the first-cycle properties of xLi2MnO3·(1- x) LiNi0.3Co0.3Mn0.4O2 ( x = 0, 0.5, 1) cathode materials were studied with an in situ electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM). The results demonstrate that a synergistic effect between the layered Li2MnO3 and LiNi0.3Co0.3Mn0.4O2 structures can significantly affect the activation pathway of Li1.2Ni0.12Co0.12Mn0.56O2, leading to an extra-high capacity. It is demonstrated that Li2MnO3 activation in Li-rich materials is dominated by electrochemical decomposition (oxygen redox), which is different from the activation process of pure Li2MnO3 governed by chemical decomposition (Li2O evolution). CEI evolution is closely related to Li+ extraction/insertion. The valence state variation of the metal ions (Ni, Co, Mn) in Li-rich materials can promote CEI formation. This study is of significance for understanding and designing Li-rich cathode-based batteries
Non-Autoregressive Math Word Problem Solver with Unified Tree Structure
Existing MWP solvers employ sequence or binary tree to present the solution
expression and decode it from given problem description. However, such
structures fail to handle the variants that can be derived via mathematical
manipulation, e.g., and can both be
possible valid solutions for a same problem but formulated as different
expression sequences or trees. The multiple solution variants depicting
different possible solving procedures for the same input problem would raise
two issues: 1) making it hard for the model to learn the mapping function
between the input and output spaces effectively, and 2) wrongly indicating
\textit{wrong} when evaluating a valid expression variant. To address these
issues, we introduce a unified tree structure to present a solution expression,
where the elements are permutable and identical for all the expression
variants. We propose a novel non-autoregressive solver, named \textit{MWP-NAS},
to parse the problem and deduce the solution expression based on the unified
tree. For evaluating the possible expression variants, we design a path-based
metric to evaluate the partial accuracy of expressions of a unified tree. The
results from extensive experiments conducted on Math23K and MAWPS demonstrate
the effectiveness of our proposed MWP-NAS. The codes and checkpoints are
available at: \url{https://github.com/mengqunhan/MWP-NAS}.Comment: Accepted at EMNLP202
Colorectal cancer screening with fecal occult blood test: A 22-year cohort study.
The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening with a three-tier fecal occult blood test (FOBT) in the Chinese population. The study was performed between 1987 and 2008 at the Beijing Military General Hospital, in a cohort of army service males and females aged >50 years. Between 1987 and 2005, a three-tier screening program, comprising guaiac-based FOBTs (gFOBTs), followed by immunochemical FOBTs for positive guaiac test samples and then colonoscopy for positive immunochemical test subjects, was performed annually. The cohort was followed up until 2008. The cohort included 5,104 subjects, of which, 3,863 subjects participated in screening (screening group) and 1,241 did not (non-screening group). The two groups did not differ in age, gender or other major risk factors for colon cancer. Overall, 36 CRCs occurred in the screening group and 21 in the non-screening group. Compared with the non-screening group, the relative risk for the incidence and mortality of CRC was 0.51 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.30-0.87] and 0.36 (95% CI, 0.18-0.71), respectively, in the screening group. The general sensitivity of this three-tier FOBT was 80.6% (95% CI, 65.3-91.1). Thus, annual screening using the three-tier FOBT program may reduce the CRC incidence and mortality rate
Investigating and Mitigating the Side Effects of Noisy Views in Multi-view Clustering in Practical Scenarios
Multi-view clustering (MvC) aims at exploring category structures among
multi-view data without label supervision. Multiple views provide more
information than single views and thus existing MvC methods can achieve
satisfactory performance. However, their performance might seriously degenerate
when the views are noisy in practical scenarios. In this paper, we first
formally investigate the drawback of noisy views and then propose a
theoretically grounded deep MvC method (namely MvCAN) to address this issue.
Specifically, we propose a novel MvC objective that enables un-shared
parameters and inconsistent clustering predictions across multiple views to
reduce the side effects of noisy views. Furthermore, a non-parametric iterative
process is designed to generate a robust learning target for mining multiple
views' useful information. Theoretical analysis reveals that MvCAN works by
achieving the multi-view consistency, complementarity, and noise robustness.
Finally, experiments on extensive public datasets demonstrate that MvCAN
outperforms state-of-the-art methods and is robust against the existence of
noisy views
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