An in-depth study on the magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of tendon rupture in sports injuries and its correlation with patients' clinical symptoms

Muscle injuries, such as Achilles and quadriceps tendon ruptures, pose a significant challenge in elite sports, accounting for more than 30% of all sports-related injuries. Our primary goal is to investigate the MR imaging characteristics of tendon rupture in sports injuries and their relationship with patients' clinical symptoms. In our retrospective study at Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine's Second Affiliated Hospital (Zhejiang Xinhua Hospital), we compared the clinical presentation and MRI results of 106 patients with isolated AT and QT ruptures. In the AT, the enthesis was identified as a common site of bony avulsions (30.2%). In contrast, insertional ruptures were more common in the gastrocnemius heads (69.8% and 66.0%). The low frequency of mid-substance tears (13.2% to 20.8%) demonstrated the central tendon region's inherent tensile strength. The ruptured musculotendinous junctions affected the soleus (20.8%). In QT, bony avulsions play a minor role (5.1% to 11.3%). The patella was the primary site of tears (42.2% - 45.3%), with the Vastus intermedius favoring proximal tears (58.5%). Our examination of AT and QT ruptures across sub-components sheds light on their distinct patterns and the implications for clinical practice in terms of precise diagnosis, personalized treatment, and, ultimately, better patient outcomes for these debilitating injuries

Optimization Method for Last Train Coordination Plan of Urban Rail Transit Based on Network Operation

With the generation of urban rail transit network operation mode, the coordination of network operation plan becomes a key factor for improving the overall level of service, in which the last train coordination plan is the most important. There is some research on the coordination program of network operation at home and abroad, but mainly focused on the coordination of a single point (transfer station). In fact, there are usually no less than two transfer stations between one line and other lines. Therefore, the coordination of a single point cannot meet the needs of making the network operation plan. In this paper, a last train coordination model considered multi-point transfer for rail line is established. Because of the model\u27s characteristics of global nonlinear but local linear and monotonous, an algorithm based on section is set up. The result of case calculation shows that the proposed model and algorithm are simple and practical, which can provide an optimal coordination plan of last train for single line

Dynamic Carriage Reserving for an Over-crowded Metro Junction Station

At metro junction stations located in transportation hubs, a great number of passengers need to transfer to the metro system from other transportation modes during peak hours. This paper proposes a new train operation strategy—reserving carriages dynamically on each service train at the departure station for the metro junction station, which aims to relieve the serious passenger accumulation at the target station. We construct a nonlinear integer programming model which determines the number of reserved carriages on each train, and the total risk levels of passenger accumulation and passenger waiting time are both taken into account in the objective function. Furthermore, the latest arrival time of passengers on board is introduced to calculate effective passenger loading times analytically. At last, a set of numerical experiments from Beijing Metro Line 4 are implemented to verify the performance and effectiveness of the proposed approach

Identifying passenger flow characteristics and evaluating travel time reliability by visualizing AFC data: a case study of Shanghai Metro

This paper contributes to the emerging applications of automatically collected data in revealing the aggregate patterns of passenger flows and monitoring system performance from the passengers’ perspective. The paper’s main objectives are to (1) analyze passenger flow characteristics and (2) evaluate travel time reliability for the Shanghai Metro network by visualizing the automatic fare collection (AFC) data. First, key characteristics of passenger flows are identified by examining three major aspects, namely, spatial distribution of trips over the network, temporal distribution of passenger entries at the line level and station inflow/outflow imbalances. Second, travel time reliability analyses from the users’ perspective are performed, after a new metric of travel time reliability is designed. Comparisons of travel time reliability at the OD level are provided and the network reliabilities across multiple periods are also evaluated. Thus, this paper provides a comprehensive and holistic view of passenger travel experiences. Although the case study focuses on Shanghai Metro, the same analysis framework can be applied to other transit networks equipped with similar AFC systems

Joint optimization of tram timetables and signal timing adjustments at intersections

This paper explores at the planning level the benefits of coordinating tram movements and signal timings at controlled intersections. Although trams may have dedicated travel lanes, they mostly operate in a mixed traffic environment at intersections. To ensure tram progression, pre-set signal timings at intersections are adjusted by activating Transit Signal Priority (TSP) actions, which inevitably add delays to the auto traffic. A mixed integer program is proposed for jointly determining tram schedules for a single tram line and modifying signal timings at major controlled intersections. The objective is to minimize the weighted sum of the total tram travel time and TSP’s negative impacts on other traffic. A real-world case study of Line 5 of the Shenyang Hunnan Modern Tramway shows that by extending the dwell time or link travel time we can significantly reduce the TSP’s negative impacts on the auto traffic while only slightly increasing tram travel times

A Rapid Screening Method for the Determination of Seventy Pesticide Residues in Soil Using Microwave-Assisted Extraction Coupled to Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry

A rapid screening method using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) in combination with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry for the determination of 70 pesticide residues in soil was established. The pesticides included 27 organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs), 29 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), nine pyrethroids, and five carbamates. Parameters that could affect the efficiency of extraction, such as temperature, time, and solvent, were investigated. The condition of the extraction, under which recoveries of all 70 pesticides ranged from 70% to 120%, was optimized with a 1: 1 (V/V) mixture of acetone and hexane, a temperature of 100 degrees C, and an extraction time of 10 min. All compounds studied could be recovered in good yields and with relative standard deviations (RSDs) lower than 20%. The linearity of the method for all the pesticides was greater than 0.99 over a concentration range of 0.1-5 mu g/g. The detection limits varied from 0.5 to 211.25 ng/g. Interday and intraday precision analyses yielded RSDs of 1.2%-11.7% and 3.6%-15.1%, respectively. This method, which was as effective as Soxhlet extraction and accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), proved to be accurate and precise. When the proposed method was used to examine environmental samples, the obtained results were in good agreement with those obtained using Soxhlet extraction.A rapid screening method using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) in combination with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry for the determination of 70 pesticide residues in soil was established. The pesticides included 27 organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs), 29 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), nine pyrethroids, and five carbamates. Parameters that could affect the efficiency of extraction, such as temperature, time, and solvent, were investigated. The condition of the extraction, under which recoveries of all 70 pesticides ranged from 70% to 120%, was optimized with a 1: 1 (V/V) mixture of acetone and hexane, a temperature of 100 degrees C, and an extraction time of 10 min. All compounds studied could be recovered in good yields and with relative standard deviations (RSDs) lower than 20%. The linearity of the method for all the pesticides was greater than 0.99 over a concentration range of 0.1-5 mu g/g. The detection limits varied from 0.5 to 211.25 ng/g. Interday and intraday precision analyses yielded RSDs of 1.2%-11.7% and 3.6%-15.1%, respectively. This method, which was as effective as Soxhlet extraction and accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), proved to be accurate and precise. When the proposed method was used to examine environmental samples, the obtained results were in good agreement with those obtained using Soxhlet extraction

Prediction of Traffic Flow considering Electric Vehicle Market Share and Random Charging

This paper mainly studies the multiclass stochastic user equilibrium problem considering the market share of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and random charging behavior (RCB) in a mixed transport network containing electric vehicles and gasoline vehicles (GVs). In order to analyze the random charging and path choice behaviors of BEV users and extract the differences in travel behaviors between BEV and GV users, an improved logit-based model, multilabel algorithm, and queuing theory are applied. The influencing factors of charging possibility mainly include the initial state of charge (SOC), the SOC at the beginning of charging, and the psychologically acceptable safe SOC threshold arriving at the destination. Diversity choices of user paths and charging locations will result in changes in queuing traffic and differences in queuing time. Conversely, different stations have different queuing dwell times, which will also affect the routing and charging locations for BEVs with RCB. The path-based method of successive averages (MSA) is adopted to solve the model. Through the simulation of the test network Sioux Falls, the equilibrium traffic flow and possible charging flow under different market shares and initial SOC are predicted, and the properties of the model and the feasibility of the algorithm are verified

Service-oriented train timetabling with collaborative passenger flow control on an oversaturated metro line: An integer linear optimization approach

With the drastic increase of travel demands in urban areas, more and more metro lines are nowadays suffering from oversaturated situations, leading to the accumulation of passengers on platforms with potential accident risks. To further improve the service quality and reduce accident risks, this paper proposes an effective method for collaboratively optimizing the train timetable and accurate passenger flow control strategies on an oversaturated metro line. Through considering the dynamic characteristics of passenger flow, a rigorous integrated integer linear programming model is firstly formulated to minimize the total passenger waiting time at all of involved stations, in which the train timetable provides a service-oriented operation plan and optimal passenger flow control is imposed to avoid congestion on platforms within the transportation capacities. To solve the problem of interest efficiently, a hybrid algorithm, which combines an improved local search and CPLEX solver, is designed to search for high-quality solutions. Finally, two sets of numerical experiments, including a small-scale case and a real-world instance with operation data of the Beijing metro system, are implemented to demonstrate the performance and effectiveness of the proposed approaches