Synchronization and identification of time-variant network composed of various clusters with different topologies and node numbers

An efficient control and identification technique is proposed in this work to synchronize the time-variant network composed of various clusters with different topologies and node numbers and to identify the unknown parameters in variable equations. Different kinds of chaotic systems containing unknown parameters, including quantum Dicke, Jaynes–Cumming models and Nd:YAG lasers, are taken as the nodes to construct three clusters and a time-varying network in order to verify the effectiveness of the designed controller and identification law. The simulation results show that the complete synchronization of all nodes within the network can be realized quickly and the unknown parameters are also accurately identified simultaneously even if topology of the network varies over time, indicating that the designed synchronization controller and the identification law for unknown parameters based on the Lyapunov stability theorem are universal and effective

Twelve complete chloroplast genomes of wild peanuts : great genetic resources and a better understanding of Arachis phylogeny

BACKGROUND: The cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea) is one of the most important oilseed crops worldwide, however, its improvement is restricted by its narrow genetic base. The highly variable wild peanut species, especially within Sect. Arachis, may serve as a rich genetic source of favorable alleles to peanut improvement; Sect. Arachis is the biggest taxonomic section within genus Arachis and its members also include the cultivated peanut. In order to make good use of these wild resources, the genetic bases and the relationships of the Arachis species need first to be better understood. RESULTS: Here, in this study, we have sequenced and/or assembled twelve Arachis complete chloroplast (cp) genomes (eleven from Sect. Arachis). These cp genome sequences enriched the published Arachis cp genome data. From the twelve acquired cp genomes, substantial genetic variation (1368 SNDs, 311 indels) has been identified, which, together with 69 SSR loci that have been identified from the same data set, will provide powerful tools for future explorations. Phylogenetic analyses in our study have grouped the Sect. Arachis species into two major lineages (I & II), this result together with reports from many earlier studies show that lineage II is dominated by AA genome species that are mostly perennial, while lineage I includes species that have more diverse genome types and are mostly annual/biennial. Moreover, the cultivated peanuts and A. monticola that are the only tetraploid (AABB) species within Arachis are nested within the AA genome species-dominated lineage, this result together with the maternal inheritance of chloroplast indicate a maternal origin of the two tetraploid species from an AA genome species. CONCLUSION: In summary, we have acquired sequences of twelve complete Arachis cp genomes, which have not only helped us better understand how the cultivated peanut and its close wild relatives are related, but also provided us with rich genetic resources that may hold great potentials for future peanut breeding

Simple and Efficient Cultivation Technology for the Peanut under the Standardization Mode of Single-seed Sowing

Single-seed sowing is a new, simple and efficient cultivation mode for peanut that realized from cultivation of healthy individual and construction of high-yielding population. The cultivation mode has the obvious advantages in uniform seedling, strong sprouting, seed saving and cost saving, thus it is considered as one of the effective ways for high-yield and high-efficient peanut cultivation in China in the future. Through integrating with other high-efficiency and simple cultivation measures, the single-seed sowing technology system has made conforming to China's national standardization cultivations of peanut and the technology was already applied in the main producing areas of peanut and gained the significant efficiency and abroad application prospects. Based on many years of researches in single-seed sowing technology, high-efficiency fertilization and scientific chemical control in the research team, by combining with the latest research results in plant protection and machinery, this paper described the key points and matters needing attentions from variety selection, planting mode, rational fertilization, planting specifications and field management