1,231 research outputs found
Ultrafast hybrid nanocomposite scintillators: A review
In recent years, demand for scintillation detectors with high time resolution (better than 100 ps) has emerged in high-energy physics and medical imaging applications. In particular, time of flight positron emission tomography (TOF-PET) can greatly benefit from increasing time resolution of scintillators, which leads to the increase of signal-to-noise ratio, decrease of patient dose, and achievement of the superior spatial resolution of PET images. Currently, extensive research of various types of materials is carried out to achieve the best time resolution. In this review, the recent progress of various approaches is summarized and scintillation compounds with the best temporal characteristics are first reviewed. The review presents the physical processes causing fast luminescence in inorganic and organic materials. Special attention is paid to nanocomposites which belong to a new perspective class of scintillating materials, consisting of a plastic matrix, inorganic nanocrystalline fillers, and organic or inorganic luminescence activators and shifters. The main features and functions of all parts of existing and prospective nanocomposite scintillators are also discussed. A number of currently created and investigated nanocomposite materials with various compounds and structures are reviewed. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.Eesti Teadusagentuur, ETAg: PRG111, PRG629; European Regional Development Fund, ERDF: 2014-2020.4.01.15–0011, TK141Authors thank Minobrnauki project FEUZ-2020-0059 and Estonian Research Council (grants PRG629 and PRG111 ) for financial support. Authors are also grateful for partial support from the European Regional Development Fund (DoRA Pluss program) and the ERDF funding in Estonia granted to the Center of Excellence TK141 “ Advanced materials and high-technology devices for sustainable energetics, sensorics and nanoelectronics ” (project No. 2014-2020.4.01.15–0011 )
THE CONTROL UNIT OF THE PULSE CATHODOLUMINESCENT ANALYZER
The control unit is designed for the pulse electron beam and luminescent analyzer (“KLAVI-R” equipment) in order to realize the strobe mode which should improve the capabilities of luminescent measurements.Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Минобрнауки РФ (стипендия Президента РФ - 2015) и УрФУ (грант молодым ученым - кандидатам наук)
Error-correcting coding usage for data transmission through power lines
A concept of data transmission within downhole telemetry systems in oilfield industry through power lines is presented. Based on this concept, MATLAB/Simulink models simulating communication lines in downhole telemetry systems are built, which can be used as prototypes for development of real systems. The most appropriate signal modulation methods for data transmission in downhole telemetry systems are suggested and discussed. The influence of high-voltage interference on signal transmission through power line from downhole unit to ground based unit is simulated. Usage of error-correcting coding methods for data transmission such as Hamming code, Reed-Solomon code, BCH code is suggested, and its efficiency is demonstrated. © 2018 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved.Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Minobrnauka: 14.578.21.0134Work on PNIER RFMEFI57815X0134 was performed with the financial support of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation in the framework of the agreement №14.578.21.0134 on 27 October 2015
Radioluminescence properties of nanocomposite scintillators with BaF 2 fillers
In this paper, studies of the luminescence properties of nanocrystalline BaF 2 samples synthesized by laser ablation and pulse electron beam evaporation method are presented. The measurements of X-ray excited luminescence (XEL) showed the dependence between luminescence intensity and the shape of the spectrum on the morphology and particle size. Also, studies of X-ray excited luminescence, decay curves and optical transmittance for nanocomposite materials containing BaF 2 nanopowder are presented. Barium fluoride nanopowder, obtained by pulsed electron beam evaporation method is characterized by a lower intensity than the initial microcrystalline powder, but at the same time, XEL spectrum of the nanocomposite material with this nanocrystalline filler is more intense, then that for nanocomposite material with initial powder. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd
New Debris Disks Around Nearby Main Sequence Stars: Impact on The Direct Detection of Planets
Using the MIPS instrument on the Spitzer telescope, we have searched for
infrared excesses around a sample of 82 stars, mostly F, G, and K main-sequence
field stars, along with a small number of nearby M stars. These stars were
selected for their suitability for future observations by a variety of
planet-finding techniques. These observations provide information on the
asteroidal and cometary material orbiting these stars - data that can be
correlated with any planets that may eventually be found. We have found
significant excess 70um emission toward 12 stars. Combined with an earlier
study, we find an overall 70um excess detection rate of % for mature
cool stars. Unlike the trend for planets to be found preferentially toward
stars with high metallicity, the incidence of debris disks is uncorrelated with
metallicity. By newly identifying 4 of these stars as having weak 24um excesses
(fluxes 10% above the stellar photosphere), we confirm a trend found in
earlier studies wherein a weak 24um excess is associated with a strong 70um
excess. Interestingly, we find no evidence for debris disks around 23 stars
cooler than K1, a result that is bolstered by a lack of excess around any of
the 38 K1-M6 stars in 2 companion surveys. One motivation for this study is the
fact that strong zodiacal emission can make it hard or impossible to detect
planets directly with future observatories like the {\it Terrestrial Planet
Finder (TPF)}. The observations reported here exclude a few stars with very
high levels of emission, 1,000 times the emission of our zodiacal cloud,
from direct planet searches. For the remainder of the sample, we set relatively
high limits on dust emission from asteroid belt counterparts
Monochromatic optical cherenkov radiation of moderately relativistic lons in radiators with frequency dispersion
Optical Cherenkov radiation of moderately relativistic ions in a CVD-diamond plate with frequency dispersion is considere
Evolution of the Velocity Ellipsoids in the Thin Disk of the Galaxy and the Radial Migration of Stars
Data from the revised Geneva--Copenhagen catalog are used to study the
influence of radial migration of stars on the age dependences of parameters of
the velocity ellipsoids for nearby stars in the thin disk of the Galaxy,
assuming that the mean radii of the stellar orbits remain constant. It is
demonstrated that precisely the radial migration of stars, together with the
negative metallicity gradient in the thin disk,are responsible for the observed
negative correlation between the metallicities and angular momenta of nearby
stars, while the angular momenta of stars that were born at the same
Galactocentric distances do not depend on either age or metallicity. (abridged)Comment: Astronomy Reports, Vol. 86 No. 9, P.1117-1126 (2009
Optimization of a Method of Searching the Best Approximation for an Observed Molecular Spectra
Since the increasing a number of observational data we need to simplify a process of its interpretation. For optimize the procedure for searching such set of physical parameters that best describes the observed molecular spectrum, we created a program for comparing model and observable spectra based on the χ2 method. Moreover we can connect to the program various methods of model spectra formation, for example, RADEX, and conduct comparison of the methods.С увеличением количества данных наблюдений возрастает необходимость в упрощении процесса их интерпретации. Для оптимизации процедуры поиска набора физических параметров, наилучшим образом описывающего наблюдаемый молекулярный спектр, была создана программа, позволяющая наглядно сопоставлять модельные и наблюдаемые спектры на основе метода χ2. Кроме того, в программу можно подключать различные программы, формирующие модельные спектры, например RADEX, и проводить сравнение методов.Работа поддержана Министерством науки РФ, базовая часть госзадания, РК № AAAA-A17-117030310283-7, и Правительством РФ, контракт № 02.A03.21.0006, постановление № 211
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