Effect Of Oestradiol On Mouse Vaginal Epithelium

Oestradiol which induces the proliferation of the vaginal epithelium is used in the oestrogen replacement therapy for menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. The exact onset of induced cell proliferation and recovery to the controlled level has not been reported before. Hence this study was done in ovariectomised mice and the period of cellular response to ethinyl estradiol, a semisynthetic ester (0.025mg/kg) was recorded. The vaginal epithelium was studied for histological changes and incidence of mitotic figures. The onset of proliferation started at 4h after exposure and reached its maximum at 32h and declined gradually thereafter to reach the base level at 60h

Axillary Arch (Of Langer): Incidence, Innervation, Importance

The present study was planned to find out the incidence of accessory muscle arches in the axilla of 68 upper limb (38 right and 30 left) dissections. Langer’s arch was observed in one right limb out of the 68 limbs, total incidence was 1.47%. The arch extended from the latissimus dorsi to the fascia covering the biceps brachii. The incidence is low in South Indian population (Dravidians) compared to the various other populations reported in literature. A branch from the lateral cord of brachial plexus supplied it in contrast with the previous reports. The surgical significance of this muscle is reviewe

Women in Agriculture and Nutrition in India

Policy debates around agriculture and nutrition and the crucial role of women needs to be informed by evidence that research programmes like LANSA generate. The available evidence recommends the recognition of women’s roles in agriculture and nutrition. This Policy Brief looks at the following focus polices and programmes: Draft National Policy for Women 2016; National Policy for Empowerment of Women 2001; Supplementary Nutrition Programme under ICDS; National Nutrition Policy 1993; National Food Security Act 2013; National Policy for Farmers 2007.Department for International Development (DFID)UKAI

Importance of WASH and Healthcare for enabling Agriculture-Nutrition linkages in India

State and district level studies linking child undernutrition to agricultural prosperity and provisioning of public services highlight the importance of public health provisioning such as sanitation, vaccination and healthcare facilities in rural areas, public provisioning for maternal health and women’s education as well as social provisioning of food. This policy brief discusses the following focus polices and programmes: National Health Mission; Swachh Bharat Abhiyan 2014; Draft National Policy for Women 2016; Draft National Plan of Action for Children 2016; National Food Security Act 2013; National Policy for Empowerment of Women 2001.Department for International Development (DFID)UKAI

Leveraging Agriculture for Child and Adolescent Nutrition in India

Ensuring access and safety of food to meet the nutritional requirements of proteins, calories and micronutrients in infancy and childhood from six months of age needs to be a priority in India. This Policy Brief looks at the following focus polices and programmes: Supplementary Nutrition Programme under ICDS; Mid-Day Meal Scheme; National Nutrition Policy 1993; Draft National Plan of Action for Children 2016; National Food Security Act 2013.Department for International Development (DFID)UKAI

SARS-CoV-2 vaccination modelling for safe surgery to save lives: data from an international prospective cohort study

Background Preoperative SARS-CoV-2 vaccination could support safer elective surgery. Vaccine numbers are limited so this study aimed to inform their prioritization by modelling. Methods The primary outcome was the number needed to vaccinate (NNV) to prevent one COVID-19-related death in 1 year. NNVs were based on postoperative SARS-CoV-2 rates and mortality in an international cohort study (surgical patients), and community SARS-CoV-2 incidence and case fatality data (general population). NNV estimates were stratified by age (18-49, 50-69, 70 or more years) and type of surgery. Best- and worst-case scenarios were used to describe uncertainty. Results NNVs were more favourable in surgical patients than the general population. The most favourable NNVs were in patients aged 70 years or more needing cancer surgery (351; best case 196, worst case 816) or non-cancer surgery (733; best case 407, worst case 1664). Both exceeded the NNV in the general population (1840; best case 1196, worst case 3066). NNVs for surgical patients remained favourable at a range of SARS-CoV-2 incidence rates in sensitivity analysis modelling. Globally, prioritizing preoperative vaccination of patients needing elective surgery ahead of the general population could prevent an additional 58 687 (best case 115 007, worst case 20 177) COVID-19-related deaths in 1 year. Conclusion As global roll out of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination proceeds, patients needing elective surgery should be prioritized ahead of the general population.The aim of this study was to inform vaccination prioritization by modelling the impact of vaccination on elective inpatient surgery. The study found that patients aged at least 70 years needing elective surgery should be prioritized alongside other high-risk groups during early vaccination programmes. Once vaccines are rolled out to younger populations, prioritizing surgical patients is advantageous

Measuring routine childhood vaccination coverage in 204 countries and territories, 1980–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2020, Release 1

10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00984-3The Lancet39810299503-52