Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antihyperlipidemic Activity of extracts Rich in Polyphenols

Polyphenols are phytochemicals present in plants that contribute to their antioxidant and different pharmacological activities. Flavonoids comprise of one class of polyphenols which play a beneficial role in preventing free radical damage and owe its antioxidant property. Lipid peroxidation and lipid-derived oxidized products have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of human diseases. To clarify the role of oxidative stress in prevention of atherosclerosis and hypercholesterolemia, the antioxidant status of plant extracts of Oroxylum indicum, Vitis vinifera and Policosanol isolated from, Saccharum officinarum were selected for the study.The extracts were evaluated by in vitro methods by monitoring the production of malondialdehyde as Thiobarbituric acid Reacting Substances (TBARs). The antihypperlipidemic activity was examined in cholesterol induced hyperlipidemic model using Albino Wistar rats.The result of the study exhibited significant reduction in total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, VLDL-C levels and remarkable increase in the level of HDL-C when compared to standard lovastatin drug. The artherogenic index and LDL-C: HDL-C risk ratio was also reduced to significant extent in the group treated with extracts. The levels of SGOT and SGPT were estimated and found to be significantly less than that of hyperlipidemic control group.The highest antihyperlipidemic activity was exhibited by total extract of the bark of Oroxylum indicum followed by extracts of fruits of Vitis vinifera and Policosanol isolated from sugarcane wax.Keywords:- Polyphenols, Antihyperlipidemic, Antioxidant, Oroxylum indicum, Vitis vinifera, Policosano

Bullying Victimisation, Internalising Symptoms, and Conduct Problems in South African Children and Adolescents: A Longitudinal Investigation

Bullying victimisation has been prospectively linked with mental health problems among children and adolescents in longitudinal studies in the developed world. However, research from the developing world, where adolescents face multiple risks to social and emotional development, has been limited by cross-sectional designs. This is the first longitudinal study of the psychological impacts of bullying victimisation in South Africa. The primary aim was to examine prospective relationships between bullying victimisation and internalising and externalising symptoms in South African youth. Secondary aims were to examine gender and age-related differences in experiences of bullying victimisation. Children and adolescents (10–17 years, 57 % female, n = 3,515) from high HIV-prevalent (>30 %) communities in South Africa were interviewed and followed-up 1 year later (97 % retention). Census enumeration areas were randomly selected from urban and rural sites in two provinces and door-to-door sampling included all households with a resident child/adolescent. Exposure to multiple experiences of bullying victimisation at baseline predicted internalising symptoms and conduct problems 1 year later. Additionally, baseline mental health scores predicted later bullying victimisation, demonstrating bi-directionality of relationships between bullying victimisation and mental health outcomes in this sample. Expected gender differences in physical, verbal, and relational bullying victimisation were evident and predicted declines in bullying victimisation over time were observed. In the developed world, school-based anti-bullying programmes have been shown to be effective in reducing bullying and victimisation. Anti-bullying programmes should be implemented and rigorously evaluated in South Africa, as this may promote improved mental health among South African children and adolescents

<span style="font-size:20.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.5pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">Synthesis and novel reactions of 2,3-dimethyl-1<i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">H</i>-pyrrolo[1,2-<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">a</i>]benzimidazol- 1-one with secondary amines and <i><span style="font-size:20.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.5pt;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US; mso-bidi-language:AR-SA;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">N </span></i><span style="font-size:20.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language: EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">-bromosuccinimide</span></span>

312-316N, <span style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:7.0pt;font-family:HiddenHorzOCR; mso-bidi-font-family:HiddenHorzOCR">N-Disubstituted-β<span style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:7.0pt;font-family:HiddenHorzOCR; mso-bidi-font-family:HiddenHorzOCR">-(2-benzimidazolyl)-, β-dimethylacrylamides 5<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Aa-g and 5Ba-g , 2-bromomethyl-3- methyl-1 H-pyrrolo[1,2<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">a]benzimidazol-1-one 8A and 2,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrrolo[1,2a]benzimidazole-1-thione 10A have been synthesized from 2,3-dimethyl-1 H<span style="font-size:15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:="" "times="" roman";mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;="" mso-bidi-language:ar-sa;mso-bidi-font-style:italic"="">-pyrrolo [1,2a]benzimidazol-1-one <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">4A. Compounds 5Aa-g and 5Ba-g have been synthesized via two different routes. These compounds have been screened for their antimicrobial and anthelmintic activities.</span

Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some succinimides

1933-1936A series of substituted succinimides 3 are prepared from hydrazides and maleimides. The compounds are characterized and screened for their antimicrobial activities

Synthesis and antimicrobial activities of oxadiazoles, phthalazines and indolinones

1267-1272A series of oxadiazoles 5 phthalizines 6-8, and indolinones 9,10 have been synthesized from 2-[oxyacetyl hydrazine]ethyl benzenes 3. The compounds are characterized and screened for their antimicrobial activities

Synthesis of some benzothiazepins and their antimicrobial activities

683-687A series of 2-[(substitutedphenyl)-4-(substitutedphenyl)]-3,3-dihydro substituted-1 ,5-benzothiazepin 3 has been synthesized starting from acetophenones. The compounds are characterized and screened for their antimicrobial activities

Synthesis and biological activity of new benzimidazoles

163-166A series of 1-[(4-(4'-substituted)phenyl-3-alkyl/aralkyl-thio-4H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl )methyl]-2-methyl-1H-benzimidazoles (6aa- 6ag, 6ba-6bg, 6ca-6cg) has been synthesized. The compounds are characterized and screened for their antimicrobial activity

Novel synthesis of 4',5,7-trihydroxy-3'-methoxyflavanone (homoeriodictyol)

648-6504',5,7-Trihydroxy-3'- methoxyflavanone (homoeriodictyol) has been isolated from methanol extract of roots of Zanthoxylum budrunga DC. Wall for the first time and same compound has been synthesized by novel route in good yields. The structure has been established on the basis of spectroscopic technique and chemical means. Synthetic compound is found to be exactly identical with the natural sample of homoeriodictyol

Synthesis and biological activity of 4'-oxathiazolidinyl benzopyrazoles

1308-1311New 3-methyl-1-[(2′-substituted phenyl-4′-oxothiazolidinyl)-3′-amidomethyl]-5,6-substituted-benzopyrazoles 3 and 3-methyl-1-[(2′-substituted-phenyl-5′-methyl-4′-oxothiazolidinyl)-3′-amido­methyl]-5,6-substituted-benzopyrazoles 4 are synthesized, characte­ri­zed and evaluated for their antimicrobial and antitubercular activity