92 research outputs found
Method for finding metabolic properties based on the general growth law. Liver examples. A General framework for biological modeling
We propose a method for finding metabolic parameters of cells, organs and
whole organisms, which is based on the earlier discovered general growth law.
Based on the obtained results and analysis of available biological models, we
propose a general framework for modeling biological phenomena and discuss how
it can be used in Virtual Liver Network project. The foundational idea of the
study is that growth of cells, organs, systems and whole organisms, besides
biomolecular machinery, is influenced by biophysical mechanisms acting at
different scale levels. In particular, the general growth law uniquely defines
distribution of nutritional resources between maintenance needs and biomass
synthesis at each phase of growth and at each scale level. We exemplify the
approach considering metabolic properties of growing human and dog livers and
liver transplants. A procedure for verification of obtained results has been
introduced too. We found that two examined dogs have high metabolic rates
consuming about 0.62 and 1 gram of nutrients per cubic centimeter of liver per
day, and verified this using the proposed verification procedure. We also
evaluated consumption rate of nutrients in human livers, determining it to be
about 0.088 gram of nutrients per cubic centimeter of liver per day for males,
and about 0.098 for females. This noticeable difference can be explained by
evolutionary development, which required females to have greater liver
processing capacity to support pregnancy. We also found how much nutrients go
to biomass synthesis and maintenance at each phase of liver and liver
transplant growth. Obtained results demonstrate that the proposed approach can
be used for finding metabolic characteristics of cells, organs, and whole
organisms, which can further serve as important inputs for many applications in
biology (protein expression), biotechnology (synthesis of substances), and
medicine.Comment: 20 pages, 6 figures, 4 table
Replica Conditional Sequential Monte Carlo
We propose a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) scheme to perform state
inference in non-linear non-Gaussian state-space models. Current
state-of-the-art methods to address this problem rely on particle MCMC
techniques and its variants, such as the iterated conditional Sequential Monte
Carlo (cSMC) scheme, which uses a Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) type proposal
within MCMC. A deficiency of standard SMC proposals is that they only use
observations up to time to propose states at time when an entire
observation sequence is available. More sophisticated SMC based on lookahead
techniques could be used but they can be difficult to put in practice. We
propose here replica cSMC where we build SMC proposals for one replica using
information from the entire observation sequence by conditioning on the states
of the other replicas. This approach is easily parallelizable and we
demonstrate its excellent empirical performance when compared to the standard
iterated cSMC scheme at fixed computational complexity.Comment: To appear in Proceedings of ICML '1
Physical paradigm of Life as a generalization of biochemical conception. A Physical law governing life origin and development
The present view of biological phenomena is based on a biomolecular paradigm
that development of living organisms is entirely defined by information stored
in a molecular form as some genetic code. However, new facts and discoveries
indicate that biological phenomena cannot be reduced to a biomolecular realm
alone, but are also governed by mechanisms of other nature. These mechanisms,
acting in tight cooperation with biochemical mechanisms, define life cycles of
individual organisms, and, through this, the origin and evolution of the living
world. Here, we present such a physical mechanism (General growth law), which
represents a new physical law of nature acting at cellular, organ, system and
whole organism levels, directing growth and reproduction together with
biomolecular mechanisms. It imposes uniquely defined constraints on
distribution of nutrients between biomass production and maintenance, thus
defining the composition of biochemical reactions, their change and
irreversibility during the organismal life cycle. Mathematically, this law is
represented by the growth equation. Using this equation, we introduce growth
models and explain division mechanisms for unicellular organisms. High adequacy
of obtained results to experiments proves validity of the General growth law
and of the new physical paradigm of Life based on this law.Comment: 38 pages, 8 figures, 1 table. Analysis of general principles of Life
organization was added, as well as new material and two figures. In
particular, analysis of views of E. Schrodinger, whose famous lectures
contributed to origin of a biochemical paradigm, exposes what assumptions led
him to make inaccurate conclusions. A new, more general physical paradigm of
Life was propose
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