156 research outputs found
Quantum geometrodynamics of the Bianchi IX model in extended phase space
A way of constructing mathematically correct quantum geometrodynamics of a
closed universe is presented. The resulting theory appears to be
gauge-noninvariant and thus consistent with the observation conditions of a
closed universe, by that being considerably distinguished from the conventional
Wheeler - DeWitt one. For the Bianchi-IX cosmological model it is shown that a
normalizable wave function of the Universe depends on time, allows the standard
probability interpretation and satisfies a gauge-noninvariant dynamical
Schrodinger equation. The Wheeler - DeWitt quantum geometrodynamics is
represented by a singular, BRST-invariant solution to the Schrodinger equation
having no property of normalizability.Comment: LaTeX, 18 pages, to be published in Int. J. Mod. Phys.
The exact cosmological solution to the dynamical equations for the Bianchi IX model
Quantum geometrodynamics in extended phase space describes phenomenologically
the integrated system ``a physical object + observation means (a gravitational
vacuum condensate)''. The central place in this version of QGD belongs to the
Schrodinger equation for a wave function of the Universe. An exact solution to
the ``conditionally-classical'' set of equations in extended phase space for
the Bianchi-IX model and the appropriate solution to the Schrodinger equation
are considered. The physical adequacy of the obtained solutions to existing
concepts about possible cosmological scenarios is demonstrated. The
gravitational vacuum condensate is shown to be a cosmological evolution factor.Comment: LaTeX, 14 pages, to be published in Int. J. Mod. Phys.
General Relativity as Classical Limit of Evolutionary Quantum Gravity
We analyze the dynamics of the gravitational field when the covariance is
restricted to a synchronous gauge. In the spirit of the Noether theorem, we
determine the conservation law associated to the Lagrangian invariance and we
outline that a non-vanishing behavior of the Hamiltonian comes out. We then
interpret such resulting non-zero ``energy'' of the gravitational field in
terms of a dust fluid. This new matter contribution is co-moving to the slicing
and it accounts for the ``materialization'' of a synchronous reference from the
corresponding gauge condition. Further, we analyze the quantum dynamics of a
generic inhomogeneous Universe as described by this evolutionary scheme,
asymptotically to the singularity. We show how the phenomenology of such a
model overlaps the corresponding Wheeler-DeWitt picture. Finally, we study the
possibility of a Schr\"odinger dynamics of the gravitational field as a
consequence of the correspondence inferred between the ensemble dynamics of
stochastic systems and the WKB limit of their quantum evolution. We demonstrate
that the time dependence of the ensemble distribution is associated with the
first order correction in to the WKB expansion of the energy spectrum.Comment: 23 pages, to appear on Class. Quant. Gra
Vaccination of patients with diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus stays an important medical, economic and social problem worldwide. Infectious diseases in people with diabetes mellitus are often more severe with an increased frequency of hospitalizations and complications. The presence of chronic hyperglycemia leads to decreased immune function and an increased predisposition to infections. Infections lead to uncontrolled hyperglycemia, which worsens the course of infections, thus forming a vicious circle of violations.Mass vaccination with an emphasis on people belonging to the high-risk group reduces the number of infected and, hospitalized people, and also has clear economic advantages. However, in many countries the proportion of vaccinated remains low.Vaccine prophylaxis in Russia is regulated by a number of regulatory legal acts, of which the main one is Federal Law No. 157-FZ of September 17, 1998 (edited on July 2, 2021) «About Immunoprophylaxis of Infectious Diseases». Each country has a National Vaccination Schedule, which shows a routine vaccination schedule at a specific age against infections that are widespread and / or pose a serious threat to health and life), as well as a National Epidemic Indication Vaccination Schedule. In Russia, these documents are approved by Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation of March 21, 2014 N 125n «About the approval of the national calendar of preventive vaccinations and the calendar of preventive vaccinations for epidemic indications.»This article discusses vaccination against the most socially significant infections associated with a high worldwide prevalence and increased risk among people with diabetes
Covariance and Time Regained in Canonical General Relativity
Canonical vacuum gravity is expressed in generally-covariant form in order
that spacetime diffeomorphisms be represented within its equal-time phase
space. In accordance with the principle of general covariance, the time mapping
{\T}: {\yman} \to {\rman} and the space mapping {\X}: {\yman} \to {\xman}
that define the Dirac-ADM foliation are incorporated into the framework of the
Hilbert variational principle. The resulting canonical action encompasses all
individual Dirac-ADM actions, corresponding to different choices of foliating
vacuum spacetimes by spacelike hypersurfaces. In this framework, spacetime
observables, namely, dynamical variables that are invariant under spacetime
diffeomorphisms, are not necessarily invariant under the deformations of the
mappings \T and \X, nor are they constants of the motion. Dirac observables
form only a subset of spacetime observables that are invariant under the
transformations of \T and \X and do not evolve in time. The conventional
interpretation of the canonical theory, due to Bergmann and Dirac, can be
recovered only by postulating that the transformations of the reference system
({\T},{\X}) have no measurable consequences. If this postulate is not deemed
necessary, covariant canonical gravity admits no classical problem of time.Comment: 41 pages, no figure
Alma-Ata to Berlin: diabetes prevention and treatment to achieve healthy living
Bharti Hosp, Dept Endocrinol, Karnal, Haryana, IndiaAarhus Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Aarhus, DenmarkKazakh Acad Nutr, Alma Ata, KazakhstanAcad Prevent Med, Alma Ata, KazakhstanKazakh Natl Med Univ, Alma Ata, KazakhstanDubai Hosp, Dept Endocrinol, Dubai, U Arab EmiratesPondicherry Inst Med Sci, Dept Med, Pondicherry, IndiaMinist Hlth, Directorate Epidemiol, Mexico City, DF, MexicoItalian Coll Gen Practitioners, Florence, ItalyUniv Hlth Network, Toronto, ON, CanadaSiberian State Med Univ, Tomsk, RussiaInst Diabet Endocrinol & Metab Dis, Endocrinol Res Ctr, Moscow, RussiaUniv Fed São Paulo, Dept Med, São Paulo, BrazilPrimary Care Diabet Europe, Barcelona, SpainDubai Hlth Author, Dubai, U Arab EmiratesPeking Union Med Coll, Beijing, Peoples R ChinaUniv Fed São Paulo, Dept Med, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc
Possibilities of application a fixed combination of alogliptin and pioglitazone for type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment
Hyperglycemia in T2DM is based on three main mechanisms: insulin resistance, progressive β-cell dysfunction, and excess glucose production by the liver.The onset of T2DM is usually preceded by a long period of insulin resistance. Prescribing sugar drugs that affect different links of pathogenesis, reducing a steady decrease in glycemia. To date, in clinical practice, various combinations of hypoglycemic drugs are used, the choice of which is determined by the characteristics of the course of diabetes in the patient, the presence of concomitant diseases and complications of diabetes, as well as the dominant clinical problem. This resolution provides an expert council opinion on the feasibility of using a combination of alogliptin and pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes
The advisory board resolution on the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes is characterized by increasing incidence and prevalence all-over the world. Current therapeutic management of type 2 diabetes is complex and is based not only on glycemic control, but also on cardiovascular and renal risks reduction. In previous years the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) increased in Russian Federation. Some manufacturers of the most widely used GLP-1 RA reported the supply decline in several countries. On Advisory board with participation of the Russian Endocrinology Association members the topics of SGLT2i and GLP-1 RA use in type 2 diabetes were discussed. The experts made conclusion that the decrease in access to GLP-1 RA does not pose serious risk for treatment of type 2 diabetes patients. SGLT2i show benefits in risk reduction of HF and CKD progression compering to GLP-1 RA, and in general show comparable efficacy in risk reduction of ACVD outcomes. SGLT2i show less glycemic efficacy in comparison with GLP-1 RA, and their replacement may need adding antidiabetic agents from other groups
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