16x40 Gb/s over 800km of SSMF using mid-link spectral inversion

We demonstrate the feasibility of a cost-effective 640 Gb/s (16×40 Gb/s) wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) transmission system over 800 km of conventional standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) without using in-line dispersion management. Instead for chromatic-dispersion compensation, a Magnesium-oxide-doped periodically poled lithium niobate (MgO : PPLN)-based polarization-diverse subsystem is used to phase conjugate all 16 channels. The transmission line uses all erbium-doped fiber amplifiers and has an amplifier spacing of 100 km. All channels launched were copolarized. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first WDM transmission experiment with a channel data rate of 40 Gb/s using a PPLN as chromatic-dispersion compensator

Efficacy and safety of dupilumab with concomitant topical corticosteroids in children 6 to 11 years old with severe atopic dermatitis: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial

Background Children with severe atopic dermatitis (AD) have limited treatment options. Objective We report efficacy and safety of dupilumab + topical corticosteroids (TCS) in children aged 6–11 years with severe AD inadequately controlled with topical therapies. Methods In this double-blind, 16-week, phase 3 trial (NCT03345914), 367 patients were randomized 1:1:1 to 300mg dupilumab every 4 weeks (300mg-q4w), a weight-based regimen of dupilumab every 2 weeks (100mg-q2w, baseline weight <30kg; 200mg-q2w, ≥30kg), or placebo; with concomitant medium-potency TCS. Results Both the q4w and q2w dupilumab+TCS regimens resulted in clinically meaningful and statistically significant improvement in signs, symptoms, and quality of life (QoL) versus placebo+TCS in all prespecified endpoints. For q4w/q2w/placebo, 32.8%/29.5%/11.4% of patients achieved Investigator’s Global Assessment scores of 0/1; 69.7%/67.2%/26.8% achieved ≥75% improvement in Eczema Area and Severity Index scores; and 50.8%/58.3%/12.3% achieved ≥4-point reduction in worst itch score. Response to therapy was weight-dependent: optimal dupilumab doses for efficacy and safety were 300mg-q4w in children <30kg and 200mg-q2w in children ≥30kg. Conjunctivitis and injection-site reactions were more common with dupilumab+TCS than placebo+TCS. Limitations Short-term 16-week treatment period; severe AD only. Conclusion Dupilumab+TCS is efficacious and well tolerated in children with severe AD, significantly improving signs, symptoms, and QoL

Linkage analysis of a kindred with inherited 46,XY partial gonadal dysgenesis

We have reported a kindred in which 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis was inherited in an X-linked (or autosomal dominant sex-limited) manner and in which affected subjects did not have a large duplication of the short arm of the X-chromosome. In the present study we used linkage and sequence analyses to test the role of X-linked and various autosomal genes in the etiology of the familial 46,XY partial gonadal dysgenesis. For analysis of X-linkage, 28 microsatellite polymorphisms and 1 restriction fragment length polymorphism were studied. The genotypes of informative family members were determined at each locus, and data were analyzed. Despite the large number of loci tested, our studies did not establish linkage between the trait and an X-chromosomal locus. With respect to the study of autosomal genes, linkage analysis using a polymorphism within the 3'-untranslated region of the WT1 gene excluded involvement of WT-1 in the etiology of the abnormal gonadal differentiation of the family in this study. Similarly, linkage analysis using four microsatellites on the distal short arm of chromosome 9 was not consistent with linkage. Linkage analysis of a locus close to the SOX9 gene as well as analysis of the coding region of the SOX9 gene suggested that this gene was not associated with the trait in the affected subjects we studied. Our data suggest the role of an autosomal gene in the abnormal gonadal differentiation in the family in the study, but do not formally exclude the role of an X-chromosome gene

16x40 Gb/s over 800km of SSMF using mid-link spectral inversion

We demonstrate the feasibility of a cost-effective 640 Gb/s (16×40 Gb/s) wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) transmission system over 800 km of conventional standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) without using in-line dispersion management. Instead for chromatic-dispersion compensation, a Magnesium-oxide-doped periodically poled lithium niobate (MgO : PPLN)-based polarization-diverse subsystem is used to phase conjugate all 16 channels. The transmission line uses all erbium-doped fiber amplifiers and has an amplifier spacing of 100 km. All channels launched were copolarized. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first WDM transmission experiment with a channel data rate of 40 Gb/s using a PPLN as chromatic-dispersion compensator

Experimental comparison of mid-link spectral inversion and conventional DCF-based transmission in a DWDM system at 40Gbit/s

In this paper, the performance of mid-link spectral inversion (MLSI)-based transmission is quantitatively compared to the performance for 'conventional' dispersion compensating fiber (DCF)-based transmission. Bit error rates (BER) are measured at optimized residual dispersion for all sixteen channels after 800km transmission in standard single mode fiber (SSMF). We show that for the MLSI-based configuration up to a decade of improvement in BER is obtained compared to the DCF based system. MLSI has the potential of lowering the cost of long haul transmission systems since instead of having multiple DCF modules per span only one spectral inverter is required for the whole transmission line. For spectral inversion, a polarization independent magnesium-oxide-doped periodically-poled lithium-niobate (MgO:PPLN) based subsystem was used

Comparison between NRZ and duobinary modulation at 43 Gbit/s for MLSI based and DCF based transmission systems

In this paper, the performance of midlink spectral inversion (MLSI) is compared with the performance of "conventional" dispersion compensation fiber (DCF)-based transmission for two data formats: 43-Gb/s ON-OFF keying nonreturn-to-zero (OOK-NRZ) and 43-Gb/s duobinary. In the MLSI-based system, a polarization-diverse subsystem was used for spectral inversion employing magnesium-oxide-doped periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) waveguide technology. The transmission link consists of 8 × 100 km standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) using erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) for amplification. Compared to the DCF-based system, it is seen that the MLSI-based configuration enhances the dispersion tolerance for both the NRZ and the duobinary modulation formats. It is concluded that the combination of the MLSI and the duobinary modulation format yields a highly dispersion-tolerant stable 43-Gb/s transmission syste

Mixed data rate and format transmission (40Gbit/s NRZ, 40Gbit/s duobinary, 10Gbit/s NRZ) using mid-link spectral inversion

A polarization-diverse subsystem based on periodically poled lithium niobate waveguides is used as an optical phase conjugator for compensation for linear and nonlinear distortion. We show successful transmission formats of 13 3 40 Gbit/s on-return-to-zero mixed with 6 3 10 Gbit/s non-return-to-zero and 40-Gbit/s suobinar

Experimental comparison of mid-link spectral inversion and conventional DCF-based transmission in a DWDM system at 40Gbit/s

In this paper, the performance of mid-link spectral inversion (MLSI)-based transmission is quantitatively compared to the performance for 'conventional' dispersion compensating fiber (DCF)-based transmission. Bit error rates (BER) are measured at optimized residual dispersion for all sixteen channels after 800km transmission in standard single mode fiber (SSMF). We show that for the MLSI-based configuration up to a decade of improvement in BER is obtained compared to the DCF based system. MLSI has the potential of lowering the cost of long haul transmission systems since instead of having multiple DCF modules per span only one spectral inverter is required for the whole transmission line. For spectral inversion, a polarization independent magnesium-oxide-doped periodically-poled lithium-niobate (MgO:PPLN) based subsystem was used