Genre Parameters of a Narrating as a Document of the Mid-18th Century in the Aspect of Creating a Linguistic Corps

The relevance of the study is determined by the need to create linguistic corps of little accessible historical acts sources stored in regional archives. The material for the work was the foundation of the Mikhailovsky village ataman of the State Archive of the Volgograd Region (SAVR, fund 332, inventory 1, files 1-158, 1734-1837). The genre variety of the documents of the fund determines the development of criteria for their genre parameterization, on the basis of which meta-marking can be carried out, which automates the processing of the entire array of sources and searches for linguistic information based on their metadata. In order to determine the speech markers of the document genre for its automatic recognition in the corpus, the narrating of the mid-18th century were parametrized, which were the documents containing information on investigative matters. The speech means of expressing the parameters determined by the communicative situation and correlated with the document form are identified: name, addresser, addressee, function, structure, nature of the transmitted information, spatio-temporal localization of the document. The variability of the speech embodiment of the narrating form is shown. The self-name of the document in combination with a demonstrative or possessive pronoun and verbs expressing a communicative action are defined as speech markers of the genre for meta-marking: this very narrating, they gave this very narrating, they told it with their own narrating

Sphere of Subject of Regional Documents of 18^th Century: Dynamical Aspect

The results of a comparative analysis of ways of representation the text subject sphere in the documents on a single genre are presented. The research materials are the military charters of the middle and the end of the 18th century, which are kept in the Fund “Mikhaylovskiy stanichnyy ataman” of the State archive of Volgograd region. Similarities and differences in the expression of text subject in the charters of different time slices are established. It is shown that the similarity is manifested in the naming of “collective” subject by lexical units designating officials and indicating his name and status, population of persons and their status, in using linguistic means forming the imperative tone of the document. It is argued that the differences are related to the use of performatives and verbal forms of the past tense, indicating the legal actions of the subject of the text, the personal and possessive pronouns, lexical units that name the institution that performs certain managerial functions, names of places, localizing the subject of the text. It is revealed that changes in the composition and usage of language means, which reveal the subject of military charters, reflect opposite tendencies - to the individualization of the subject and the objectivity of the document text that are caused by the development of the administrative governance within the Province of the Don Cossack Host and by the formation of new functional paradigm of the Russian language

Genre characteristics of the 18th century military charters (With Reference to the Mikhailovsky Stanitsa Ataman Archive

Статья поступила в редакцию 15.07.2016.Received on 15 July, 2016.В статье обосновано определение войсковой грамоты — главного управленческого документа Области Войска Донского — как уникального жанра деловой письменности XVIII в. Исследование проведено на материале документов 1735–1755 гг. фонда «Михайловский станичный атаман», хранящегося в Государственном архиве Волгоградской области. Применение комплексного подхода к анализу языковых явлений и учет достижений современной теории текста, осмысленных с позиций документной лингвистики, позволили установить следующие параметры жанра любого документного текста: функция, субъекты коммуникации (адресант и адресат), характер передаваемой информации, структура, доминирующая модальность, пространственно-временная локализация. Показано их многовекторное, разноплановое взаимодействие и соотнесенность с общими текстовыми категориями и свойствами документа. Уточнены представления о жанре, разработанные в лингвистике на материале художественного текста, в частности, концептуальная информация применительно к официально-деловым текстам понимается авторами статьи как культурно-исторический фон, обусловливающий достоверную интерпретацию фактуальной информации. Охарактеризованы особенности экспликации названных параметров в речевой структуре войсковых грамот разноуровневыми средствами языка, особо отмечены случаи, допускающие вариативность выражения. Выявлено, что войсковая грамота, будучи самостоятельным жанром, отражает специфику делопроизводства на определенной территории России, но при этом вписывается в новую для XVIII в. канцелярскую систему, сохраняя в своем речевом воплощении приказные традиции.The military charter is defined in the article as a major type of administration document in the Don Host Province (Rus. Oblast’ Voyska Donskogo) and is claimed to be an exceptional genre of administrative documentation of the 18th century. The study is conducted with reference to documents (dated between 1735 and 1755) from the Mikhailovsky Stanitsa Ataman Archive (State Archive of Volgograd Region). Applying a complex approach to linguistic phenomena analysis and taking into account the achievements of the modern text theory through the prism of documentation linguistics, the authors determine the following characteristics of any genre of a documentary text: functions, subjects of communication (addresser, addressee), specificity of the message delivered, composition structure, prevailing modality, time and space localization. The authors illustrate their multi-vector and heterogeneous interaction and coordination with the specific features and general text categories and properties of the text. The notion of genre that was first introduced in linguistics with reference to fiction is specified for documentation linguistics; conceptual information in official and administrative documents is considered as a cultural and historical background that helps to provide an accurate interpretation of factual information. The authors characterise the peculiarities of the aforementioned parameters in the speech structure of military charters that are expressed by different level means of language, emphasising the cases that allow for variability. The article demonstrates that though it is an isolated textual phenomenon, the military charter reflects the peculiarities of records management typical of a certain area of Russia. Keeping some old instructive traditions, the text, however, demonstrates some features of the new office style of the 18th century.Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Российского гуманитарного научного фонда и Администрации Волгоградской области, проект № 16-14-34004 «Динамика текстовой и языковой организации региональных документов XVIII–XIX вв. (по данным архивного фонда “Михайловский станичный атаман” ГАВО)».The work is supported by the Russian Foundation for the Humanities and the Administration of Volgograd Region, project #16-14-34004 “The Dynamics of the Textual and Linguistic Organisation of Regional Documents between the 18th and 19th Centuries (with Reference to the Mikhaylovsky Stanitsa Ataman Archive)”