Role of X-ray diagnostics in children tuberculosis sanatorium

Goal: analysis of X ray diagnostics of tuberculosis in children staying in the specialized sanatorium in 2010-2015.Results. Every year from 19.1 to 66.7% of children suffering from active tuberculosis in Sakha Republic are detected through computer tomography in the specialized sanatorium for children

Качество жизни больных циррозом печени в зависимости от тонуса вегетативной нервной системы

At present, medical attention is paid to the quality of life for patients. The dependence between the quality of life and the course of the disease, personality patients characteristics. In the conducted study involved 139 patients with cirrhosis of the liver. With the help of questionnaires, self-administered by patients, assessed the quality of life depending on the tone of the autonomic nervous system. As a result of supervision it is established that the vegetative disbalance at sick of a cirrhosis with prevalence of parasympathetic influences worsens indicators of quality of life in spheres of vigor, painful sensations and emotional reactions.В настоящее время в медицине большое внимание уделяется изучению качества жизни (КЖ) пациентов. Исследуется зависимость между КЖ и течением заболевания, особенностями личности пациента. В представленном исследовании принимали участие 139 больных циррозом печени (ЦП). При помощи анкет, самостоятельно заполняемых пациентами, оценивалось КЖ в зависимости от тонуса вегетативной нервной системы. В результате наблюдения установлено, что вегетативный дисбаланс у больных циррозом печени с преобладанием парасимпатических влияний ухудшает показатели КЖ в сферах энергичности, болевых ощущений и эмоциональных реакций

Sequence comparison of prefrontal cortical brain transcriptome from a tame and an aggressive silver fox (Vulpes vulpes)

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Two strains of the silver fox (<it>Vulpes vulpes</it>), with markedly different behavioral phenotypes, have been developed by long-term selection for behavior. Foxes from the tame strain exhibit friendly behavior towards humans, paralleling the sociability of canine puppies, whereas foxes from the aggressive strain are defensive and exhibit aggression to humans. To understand the genetic differences underlying these behavioral phenotypes fox-specific genomic resources are needed.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>cDNA from mRNA from pre-frontal cortex of a tame and an aggressive fox was sequenced using the Roche 454 FLX Titanium platform (> 2.5 million reads & 0.9 Gbase of tame fox sequence; >3.3 million reads & 1.2 Gbase of aggressive fox sequence). Over 80% of the fox reads were assembled into contigs. Mapping fox reads against the fox transcriptome assembly and the dog genome identified over 30,000 high confidence fox-specific SNPs. Fox transcripts for approximately 14,000 genes were identified using SwissProt and the dog RefSeq databases. An at least 2-fold expression difference between the two samples (p < 0.05) was observed for 335 genes, fewer than 3% of the total number of genes identified in the fox transcriptome.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Transcriptome sequencing significantly expanded genomic resources available for the fox, a species without a sequenced genome. In a very cost efficient manner this yielded a large number of fox-specific SNP markers for genetic studies and provided significant insights into the gene expression profile of the fox pre-frontal cortex; expression differences between the two fox samples; and a catalogue of potentially important gene-specific sequence variants. This result demonstrates the utility of this approach for developing genomic resources in species with limited genomic information.</p

COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY PATTERN OF UNCHANGED MEDIASTINAL LYMPH NODES IN CHILDREN WITH UNINFECTED MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS

Objective: to provide X-ray characteristics of mediastinal lymph nodes revealed by computed tomography (CT) in children and adolescents with uninfected Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Material and methods. The basis of the study was the results of CT in 105 children and adolescents with uninfected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. All the children and adolescents from a follow-up group underwent X-ray study using a two-slice spiral Somatom Emotion Duo CT scanner (Siemens). The study used a conventional procedure for chest scanning in children, by applying the Thorax Routine program.Results. The study ascertained that Groups 1–3 intrathoracic lymph nodes were visualized in 73.3% of the children in normalcy and were not in 22.8%. In children, the normal size of the lymph nodes did not exceed 0.8 cm in diameter; they had a homogeneous structure and clearly defined, even outlines; their perinodular fat was unchanged. CT data showed that the sizes and number of visible groups of lymph nodes were unrelated to age.Conclusion. The upper diameter limit for normal mediastinal lymph nodes may be established to be 8 mm if there were no abnormal changes in the structure of lymph nodes and perinodular fat

CHARACTERISTICS OF LUNG FOCI REVEALED BY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN HIGH-RISK CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS FOR TUBERCULOSIS

Objective: to give an X-ray pattern of single lung foci revealed by computed tomography (CT) in children and adolescents examined for tuberculosis. Material and methods. The results of CT in 52 children and adolescents infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis were analyzed. All the followed up children and adolescents underwent X-ray study using a two-slice spiral Somatom Emotion Duo (Siemens). The study used first the conventional chest spiral CT scanning procedure for children according to the Thorax Routine program and then reconstruction. Target spiral scanning of the area of interest was, if needed, carried out by employing high resolution CT with 2-mm thick images taken at 1.5-mm spacing. A maximal intensity project program was used to separate vessels and foci. Results. The single foci were encountered frequently in the lung of the examinees and characterized by a perilymphatic site; in 88.0% they were connected with the interlobular interstitium, interlobar fissure, and paracostal pleura; in 92.2% the foci were detectable in the subpleural and cortical parts of the lung, had a moderate intensity, well-defined outlines, and were 2–6 mm in size. At the same time, there were no pathological changes in the lymph nodes of the lung roots and mediastinum. The long-term (2-month-to-5-year) followup in this group of children indicated that there were no X-ray changes in the lung foci revealed by CT. Conclusion. The single foci in the lung of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected children without X-ray changes in the lymph nodes of the lung roots and mediastinum may be manifestations of the normal lung structure – these may be intrapulmonary lymph nodes. Further follow-up in this group of these children must be in agreement with the management tactics of those infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis