Gonadal sex patterns p21-induced cellular senescence in mouse and human glioblastoma

Males exhibit higher incidence and worse prognosis for the majority of cancers, including glioblastoma (GBM). Disparate survival may be related to sex-biased responses to treatment, including radiation. Using a mouse model of GBM, we show that female cells are more sensitive to radiation, and that senescence represents a major component of the radiation therapeutic response in both sexes. Correlation analyses revealed that the CDK inhibitor p21 and irradiation induced senescence were differentially regulated between male and female cells. Indeed, female cellular senescence was more sensitive to changes in p21 levels, a finding that was observed in wildtype and transformed murine astrocytes, as well as patient-derived GBM cell lines. Using a novel Four Core Genotypes model of GBM, we further show that sex differences in p21-induced senescence are patterned during early development by gonadal sex. These data provide a rationale for the further study of sex differences in radiation response and how senescence might be enhanced for radiation sensitization. The determination that p21 and gonadal sex are required for sex differences in radiation response will serve as a foundation for these future mechanistic studies

Variation of Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopic Composition of PM10 at Urban Sites of Indo Gangetic Plain (IGP) of India

This paper presents the variation of elemental concentrations of total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN) and isotopic ratios of delta C-13 and delta N-15 along with delta(OC)-O-13 and OC of PM10 mass over Delhi, Varanasi and Kolkata of the Indo Gangetic Plain (IGP), India. For Delhi, the average concentrations of TC and TN of PM10 were 53.0 +/- A 33.6 and 14.9 +/- A 10.8 A mu g m(-3), whereas delta C-13 and delta N-15 of PM10 were -25.5 +/- A 0.5 and 9.6 +/- A 2.8 aEuro degrees, respectively. For Varanasi, the average values of delta C-13 and delta N-15 of PM10 were -25.4 +/- A 0.8 and 6.8 +/- A 2.4 aEuro degrees, respectively. For Kolkata, TC and TN values for PM10 ranged from 9.1-98.2 to 1.4-25.9 A mu g m(-3), respectively with average values of 32.6 +/- A 24.9 and 9.3 +/- A 8.2 A mu g m(-3), respectively. The average concentrations of delta C-13 and delta N-15 were -26.0 +/- A 0.4 and 7.4 +/- A 2.7 aEuro degrees, respectively over Kolkata with ranges of -26.6 to -24.9 aEuro degrees and 2.8 +/- A 11.5 aEuro degrees, respectively. The isotopic analysis revealed that biomass burning, vehicular emission and secondary inorganic aerosols were likely sources of PM10 mass over IGP, India