3 research outputs found
Excess Molar Volume along with Viscosity and Refractive Index for Binary Systems of Tricyclo[5.2.1.0<sup>2.6</sup>]decane with Five Cycloalkanes
Densities,
viscosities, and refractive indices have been measured
for the binary system of tricyclo[5.2.1.0<sup>2.6</sup>]decane with
cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, ethylcyclohexane, butylcyclohexane,
or 1,2,4-trimethylcyclohexane at temperatures <i>T</i> =
(293.15 to 318.15 K) and pressure <i>p</i> = 0.1 MPa. The
excess molar volumes (<i>V</i><sub>m</sub><sup>E</sup>),
the viscosity deviations (Δη), and the refractive index
deviations (Δ<i>n</i><sub>D</sub>) are then calculated.
The changes of <i>V</i><sub>m</sub><sup>E</sup> and Δη
with the composition are fitted to the Redlich–Kister equation.
The values of density, viscosity, and refractive index increase continuously
with the increase of mole fraction of tricyclo[5.2.1.0<sup>2.6</sup>]decane and decrease with the rise of temperature. The <i>V</i><sub>m</sub><sup>E</sup> and Δη are all negative over
the whole composition range for these five binary systems. The changes
of <i>V</i><sub>m</sub><sup>E</sup> and Δη are
discussed from the points of view of molecular interactions in the
binary systems
Density, Viscosity, Surface Tension, and Refractive Index for Binary Mixtures of 1,3-Dimethyladamantane with Four C<sub>10</sub> Alkanes
For
a comprehensive understanding of the properties of 1,3-dimethyladamantane
(1,3-DMA) as a new potential candidate of high energy-density hydrocarbon
fuels, densities, viscosities, surface tensions, and refractive indices
for binary mixtures of 1,3-DMA with each of four C<sub>10</sub> alkanes, <i>n</i>-decane, butylcyclohexane, decalin, and <i>exo</i>-tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene (JP-10), are determined over the whole
composition range at different temperatures ranging from (293.15 to
363.15) K and atmospheric pressure (0.1 MPa). The excess molar volume
(<i>V</i><sub>m</sub><sup>E</sup>), the viscosity deviation
(Δη), the surface tension deviation (Δγ),
and the refractive index deviation (Δ<i>n</i><sub>D</sub>) for these binary systems are calculated. All of the <i>V</i><sub>m</sub><sup>E</sup> values are negative over the whole
composition range for these systems, and they show slight changes
against the temperature. The Δη values for the systems
except 1,3-DMA + JP-10 are negative, and the absolute values decrease
obviously with rising temperature. The Δγ gives clearly
negative values for the system of 1,3-DMA + <i>n</i>-decane
and shows small values near zero for the other systems. Negligible
values of Δ<i>n</i><sub>D</sub> indicate that the
refractive indices show nearly linear additions from those of two
components for the binary mixtures. The results could provide important
reference information for the development and performance of new high
energy-density hydrocarbon fuels
Piperazinium-Based Ionic Liquids with Lactate Anion for Extractive Desulfurization of Fuels
Three kinds of piperazinium-based
room-temperature ionic liquids
(RTILs), namely, <i>N</i>-methylpiperazinium lactate ([C<sub>1</sub>pi][Lac]), <i>N</i>-ethylpiperazinium lactate ([C<sub>2</sub>pi][Lac]), and <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′-dimethylpiperazinium
dilactate ([C<sub>1</sub>C<sub>1</sub>pi][Lac]<sub>2</sub>), have
been synthesized by the direct reaction of <i>N</i>-alkyl-substituted
piperazines and lactate acid. Together with 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidinium
lactate ([TMG][Lac]), they are employed as new extractants for removing
aromatic sulfur compounds, thiophene (TS), benzothiophene (BT), dibenzothiophene
(DBT), and 4-methyldibenzothiophene (4-MDBT), from various hydrocarbon
fuels. The effects of the temperature, extraction time, and amount
of ionic liquid (IL) on the sulfur removal are investigated systematically.
The mutual solubility measurements show that the ILs are dissolved
in <i>n</i>-heptane with the mass fraction less than 0.01
at 30 °C. The solubility values of 93 gasoline in the ILs are
observed with the following sequence: [C<sub>1</sub>C<sub>1</sub>pi][Lac]<sub>2</sub> (0.007 in mass fraction) < [C<sub>1</sub>pi][Lac] (0.014
in mass fraction) < [TMG][Lac] (0.017 in mass fraction) < [C<sub>2</sub>pi][Lac] (0.070 in mass fraction), and the sulfur distribution
coefficient follows the order: [TMG][Lac] (1.08 in mass fraction)
> [C<sub>2</sub>pi][Lac] (0.98 in mass fraction) > [C<sub>1</sub>pi][Lac]
(0.78 in mass fraction) > [C<sub>1</sub>C<sub>1</sub>pi][Lac]<sub>2</sub> (0.53 in mass fraction) for 93 gasoline. Selectivity between
TS and toluene is observed higher than 4 with the following sequence:
[TMG][Lac] (13.19 in mass fraction) > [C<sub>1</sub>pi][Lac] (10.59
in mass fraction) > [C<sub>2</sub>pi][Lac] (7.12 in mass fraction)
> [C<sub>1</sub>C<sub>1</sub>pi][Lac]<sub>2</sub> (4.94 in mass
fraction),
revealing that these ILs are more preferable to extract TS than toluene
from hydrocarbon fuels. The used ILs can be recycled without a significant
decrease of desulfurization activity after extraction 5 times. These
fundamental results hopefully provide useful information for future
commercialization and practical desulfurization