Characteristics (Mean±SD, %) of study variables by race and gender.

<p>Characteristics (Mean±SD, %) of study variables by race and gender.</p

Scatter plot between age and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in cigarette smokers and nonsmokers.

<p>P value was adjusted for race, sex, leisure time physical activity, alcohol intake, LDL cholesterol, insulin, medications for type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and high cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, insulin, and metabolic syndrome components.</p

Characteristics of the study sample by race and sex: The Bogalusa Heart Study.

<p>Mean±SDs are shown unless otherwise noted.</p><p>LDL: low-density lipoprotein; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; BP = Blood pressure; CIMT: carotid intima-media thickness.</p>†<p>: only in whites;</p>‡<p>: only in females;</p>¶<p>: only in males;</p>£<p>: in opposite direction in different race groups.</p><p>P values were adjusted for age and race/sex.</p

Intra-class correlation of MetS components by uric acid quartiles (Q) in children and adults.

<p>(a) boys; (b) girls; (c) all children; (d) male adults; (e) female adults; (f) all adults. BMT = BMI, MAP and TG/HDLC; MTH = MAP, TG/HDLC and HOMA; BMH = BMI, MAP and HOMA; BTH = BMI, TG/HDLC and HOMA; BMTH = BMI, MAP, TG/HDLC and HOMA. All intra-class correlation coefficients are significantly greater than 0 (p<0.001).</p

Race-, gender- and age-adjusted prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) by uric acid quartiles (Q).

<p>Race-, gender- and age-adjusted prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) by uric acid quartiles (Q).</p

Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) by cigarette smoking status and metabolic syndrome.

<p>Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the updated NCEP ATP III guidelines<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0096368#pone.0096368-Grundy1" target="_blank">[31]</a>. P value was adjusted for race, sex, leisure time physical activity, alcohol intake, LDL cholesterol, insulin, medications for type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and high cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, insulin, and metabolic syndrome components.</p

Risk factor variables by cigarette smoking status: The Bogalusa Heart Study.

<p>Mean±SEs are shown unless otherwise indicated.</p><p>LDL: low-density lipoprotein; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; BP: Blood pressure; CIMT: carotid intima-media thickness.</p><p>P values were adjusted for race and sex (and age).</p

SEM of body shape score in the EPIC-Norfolk replication samples (a,b), the linear regression between BSS and body shape types (c,d).

<p>SEM of body shape score in the EPIC-Norfolk replication samples (a,b), the linear regression between BSS and body shape types (c,d).</p

PLSPM-based models.

<p>(a) Scan statistic model, where <i>ξ₁</i> represents genomic region containing <i>P</i> SNPs and <i>β₂₁</i> the regional effect on the body shape score <i>ξ₁</i>; (<b>b</b>) Polygenic effect model, where <i>ξ'₁</i> represents polygenic risk score and <i>β'₂₁</i> the polygenic effect. In both models, <i>λ</i>'s are the loadings while <i>β</i>'s are the path coefficients.</p

Distribution of body shape types and characteristics of body shape score (BSS) by sex in the EPIC-Norfolk study.

<p>Distribution of body shape types and characteristics of body shape score (BSS) by sex in the EPIC-Norfolk study.</p