High-Efficiency Co/Co_<i>x</i>S_<i>y</i>@S,N-Codoped Porous Carbon Electrocatalysts Fabricated from Controllably Grown Sulfur- and Nitrogen-Including Cobalt-Based MOFs for Rechargeable Zinc–Air Batteries

Developing bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts with superior catalytic activities of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen revolution reaction (OER) is crucial to their practical energy storage and conversion applications. In this work, we report the fabrication of Co/Co_<i>x</i>S_<i>y</i>@S,N-codoped porous carbon structures with various morphologies, specific surface areas, and pore structures, derived from controllably grown Co-based metal–organic frameworks with S- and N-containing organic ligands (thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylate, Tdc; and 4,4′-bipyridine, bpy) utilizing solvent effect (<i>e.g.</i>, water and methanol) under room temperature and hydrothermal conditions. The results demonstrate that Co/Co_<i>x</i>S_<i>y</i>@S,N-codoped carbon fibers fabricated at a pyrolytic temperature of 800 °C (Co/Co_<i>x</i>S_<i>y</i>@SNCF-800) from Co-MOFs fibers fabricated in methanol under hydrothermal conditions as electrocatalysts exhibit superior bifunctional ORR and OER activities in alkaline media, endowing them as air cathodic catalysts in rechargeable zinc–air batteries with high power density and good durability

Dual-Core Fe₂O₃@Carbon Structure Derived from Hydrothermal Carbonization of Chitosan as a Highly Efficient Material for Selective Adsorption

A dual-core Fe₂O₃@carbon structure was prepared by a hydrothermal treatment of iron salt and chitosan (CS) solution. The structure exhibits microsphere-like (∼850 nm in size) morphology with dual cores at two ends. The existence of CS plays an important role in the formation of the dual-core–shell structure. The unique structure was investigated to be a CS adsorption, and subsequent carbonization induced a selective etching process. Further, the special structure was proven to be a highly efficient material for selective adsorption. The dual-core structure facilitates the exposure of the Fe₂O₃ surface, and the carbonaceous shell gives plenty of functional groups for selective adsorption. More importantly, the selectivity was highly dependent on pH values. It was found that the adsorbent showed higher adsorption selectivity toward Cr­(VI) at lower pH values, while the selectivity transferred toward Cu­(II) at higher pH values by adsorption of Cu­(II) and Cr­(VI) in single-component solutions. In binary-component solution, the dual-core Fe₂O₃@C structure revealed adsorption selectivity for Cr­(VI), with the highest separator factor [α_Cu(II)^Cr(VI)] = 1162, due to the strong electrostatic adsorption-coupled reduction interaction induced by the special structure of the adsorbent. This work not only gives deep insights into the understanding of the formation of the dual-core structure but also supplies a novel adsorbent with selective adsorption properties for water treatment

Studies selection flowchart.

<p>Studies selection flowchart.</p

Analysis of migration and invasion of CpG-ODN treated HB cells.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Evaluation of cell migration by scratch wound healing assay: Cells were allowed to migrate with and without 0.8 μM CpG-ODN. Cell migration into the wound surface was then monitored by microscopy after 24 h of the CpG-ODN treatment and reported as the width of remaining wounded area relative to the initial wound area. (<b>B</b>)Evaluation of cell invasion by transwell assay. Representative photomicrographs of the membrane-associated cells (jacinth part) were assayed by Eosin staining (×400). (<b>C</b>)Graphical representation of scratch wound assay. The average distance of cell invasion was significantly greater in the CpG-ODN treated sample. **P<0.01. (<b>D</b>)Semi-quantitative analysis of the stimulate-invasion effects of CpG-ODN on HB cells. “% of control” denotes the mean number of the cells expressed as a proportion of the control group and the average of three independent experiments ± S.D. **p<0.01, compared with the lane 2; ^★p<0.05, compared with the lane 3. (<b>E</b>)Colorimetric analysis of CpG-ODN modulation of HB cell invasiveness with different concentrations (0∼0.8 μM) for 48 h by the CytoSelect cell invasion assay. *p<0.05; **p<0.01, compared with lane 1.</p

Forest plots of association between cyclin D1 overexpression with poor OS in OSCC.

<p>Forest plots of association between cyclin D1 overexpression with poor OS in OSCC.</p

Characteristics of the included studies in this meta-analysis.

<p>M/F: Male/Female; NA: not available.</p

Effect of CpG-ODN on NF- κB and AP-1 activity.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Effects of CpG-ODN on the expression of NF- κB subunit. HB cells were treated with 0.8 μM CpG-ODN at indicated time period (0∼24 h) and the protein levels were determined using Western blot. β-actin was used as an internal control. (<b>B</b>) Changes in NF- κB subunit protein levels compared with the control as determined by densitometric scanning of the immunoreactive bands. (<b>C</b>) Effects of CpG-ODN on the expression of AP-1 subunit. (<b>D</b>) Changes in AP-1 subunit protein levels compared with control as determined by densitometric scanning of the immunoreactive bands. (*P<0.05; **P<0.01, compare with the control) (<b>E</b>) Electrophoretic mobility shift analysis (EMSA) analysis of AP-1 in HB cell lines before and after treatment with 0.8 μM CpG-ODN at indicated time period (0∼24 h). (*P<0.05; **P<0.01, compared with the panel 1), (^★★P<0.01, compared with the panel 5). (<b>F</b>) CpG-ODN treatment enhances the DNA-binding activity of AP-1(c-Fos/Jun-D) to the promoter of MMP-2 in a time-dependent manner.</p

Role of MMP-2 in TLR-9/AP-1 mediated cancer cell invasion.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Expression of TLR-9 protein in HB cells before and after 48 hr of transfection. β-actin was used as an internal control. (<b>B</b>) CpG-ODN treatment does not enhance AP-1 activity in HB cells transfected with special siRNA against TLR-9. (**P<0.01, NS: no significant) (<b>C</b>) The interferon effect of AP-1 inhibitor and/or TLR-9-RNAi on the CpG-ODN induced MMP-2 expression/activity as well as subsequent cancer cell invasion. (**P<0.01, compared with the panel 1), (^★★P<0.01, compared with the panel 2)</p

Effects of CpG-ODN on MMP-2 and MMP-9 expressions.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Analysis of MMP-2 and -9 protein expression in cells treated with indicated doses of CpG-ODN and harvested at 24 h. β-actin served as an internal control. (<b>B</b>) Determined secretion of MMP-2 and -9 was subsequently quantified by ELISA analysis, and presented as means ± S.D. of three repeats from one independent study. (<b>C</b>) HB cells in serum-free medium were treated with various concentrations (0∼0.8 μM) of CpG-ODN for 24 h. The culture medium of cells after treatment was subjected to gelatin zymography to analyze the activity of MMP-2 and -9; *p<0.05; **p<0.01, compared with the control.</p

Forest plots of association between cyclin D1 overexpression with poor clinicopathological outcome in OSCC.

<p>(A). Tumor size, random-effects model; (B). Nodal metastasis, Peto one-step model; C. Histological grade, random-effects model; D. Clinical stage, fixed-effects model.</p