Magnetically Driven Modular Mechanical Metamaterials with High Programmability, Reconfigurability, and Multiple Applications

Shape transformation and motion guidance are emerging research hotspots of mechanical metamaterials. In this case, the key issue is how to improve the programmability and reconfigurability of metamaterials. The magnetically driven method enables materials to accomplish remote, fast, and reversible deformation, so it is desired for improving the programmability and reconfigurability of metamaterials. However, conventional magnetically driven materials are often pure elastomer materials. Their magnetic programming method is single, and their overall shape is unchangeable after fabrication, which limits their programmability and reconfigurability. Herein, this article proposes a kind of magnetically driven, programmable, and reconfigurable modular mechanical metamaterial based on origami and kirigami design mechanisms. The motion and deformation were designed to follow the predefined creases and incisions that could be transformed into each other. This metamaterial enabled more discrete motion and force transmission and integrated the fold of origami, the rotation of kirigami, and the fold guided by cuts. Such designs laid the foundation for complex, three-dimensional structures which could be quickly reassembled and constructed to deal with complex situations. This paper also demonstrated applications of this metamaterial in information storage and manifestation, mechanical logic computing, reconfigurable robotics, deployable mechanisms, and so on. The results indicated that the high programmability and reconfigurability expanded the application potential of the metamaterial for broader needs

Magnetically Driven Modular Mechanical Metamaterials with High Programmability, Reconfigurability, and Multiple Applications

Shape transformation and motion guidance are emerging research hotspots of mechanical metamaterials. In this case, the key issue is how to improve the programmability and reconfigurability of metamaterials. The magnetically driven method enables materials to accomplish remote, fast, and reversible deformation, so it is desired for improving the programmability and reconfigurability of metamaterials. However, conventional magnetically driven materials are often pure elastomer materials. Their magnetic programming method is single, and their overall shape is unchangeable after fabrication, which limits their programmability and reconfigurability. Herein, this article proposes a kind of magnetically driven, programmable, and reconfigurable modular mechanical metamaterial based on origami and kirigami design mechanisms. The motion and deformation were designed to follow the predefined creases and incisions that could be transformed into each other. This metamaterial enabled more discrete motion and force transmission and integrated the fold of origami, the rotation of kirigami, and the fold guided by cuts. Such designs laid the foundation for complex, three-dimensional structures which could be quickly reassembled and constructed to deal with complex situations. This paper also demonstrated applications of this metamaterial in information storage and manifestation, mechanical logic computing, reconfigurable robotics, deployable mechanisms, and so on. The results indicated that the high programmability and reconfigurability expanded the application potential of the metamaterial for broader needs

Magnetically Driven Modular Mechanical Metamaterials with High Programmability, Reconfigurability, and Multiple Applications

Shape transformation and motion guidance are emerging research hotspots of mechanical metamaterials. In this case, the key issue is how to improve the programmability and reconfigurability of metamaterials. The magnetically driven method enables materials to accomplish remote, fast, and reversible deformation, so it is desired for improving the programmability and reconfigurability of metamaterials. However, conventional magnetically driven materials are often pure elastomer materials. Their magnetic programming method is single, and their overall shape is unchangeable after fabrication, which limits their programmability and reconfigurability. Herein, this article proposes a kind of magnetically driven, programmable, and reconfigurable modular mechanical metamaterial based on origami and kirigami design mechanisms. The motion and deformation were designed to follow the predefined creases and incisions that could be transformed into each other. This metamaterial enabled more discrete motion and force transmission and integrated the fold of origami, the rotation of kirigami, and the fold guided by cuts. Such designs laid the foundation for complex, three-dimensional structures which could be quickly reassembled and constructed to deal with complex situations. This paper also demonstrated applications of this metamaterial in information storage and manifestation, mechanical logic computing, reconfigurable robotics, deployable mechanisms, and so on. The results indicated that the high programmability and reconfigurability expanded the application potential of the metamaterial for broader needs

Magnetically Driven Modular Mechanical Metamaterials with High Programmability, Reconfigurability, and Multiple Applications

Shape transformation and motion guidance are emerging research hotspots of mechanical metamaterials. In this case, the key issue is how to improve the programmability and reconfigurability of metamaterials. The magnetically driven method enables materials to accomplish remote, fast, and reversible deformation, so it is desired for improving the programmability and reconfigurability of metamaterials. However, conventional magnetically driven materials are often pure elastomer materials. Their magnetic programming method is single, and their overall shape is unchangeable after fabrication, which limits their programmability and reconfigurability. Herein, this article proposes a kind of magnetically driven, programmable, and reconfigurable modular mechanical metamaterial based on origami and kirigami design mechanisms. The motion and deformation were designed to follow the predefined creases and incisions that could be transformed into each other. This metamaterial enabled more discrete motion and force transmission and integrated the fold of origami, the rotation of kirigami, and the fold guided by cuts. Such designs laid the foundation for complex, three-dimensional structures which could be quickly reassembled and constructed to deal with complex situations. This paper also demonstrated applications of this metamaterial in information storage and manifestation, mechanical logic computing, reconfigurable robotics, deployable mechanisms, and so on. The results indicated that the high programmability and reconfigurability expanded the application potential of the metamaterial for broader needs

The effect of air-lifting treatment on cells cultured on amniotic membrane.

<p>Following air-lifting, K5 mRNA level in the cultured cells increased nearly 3 fold (A), and K14 protein showed a clear increase in its level after air-lifting treatment (B). (ba: before air-lifting, aa: after air-lifting).</p

A comparison of K5/14 and K3/12 gene and protein expression in intact bovine limbus and central cornea.

<p>Real-time PCR results demonstrated that K5 mRNA level in limbus and central cornea is not statistically significant (A). However, K14 protein in the limbus showed higher expression than the central cornea (B). K12 mRNA (A) and K3 protein (B) showed similar expression level both in central and limbal cornea.</p

K14 and K3 expression in limbal and central corneal regions.

<p>K14 (Green) positive cells were only detected to the basal layer of limbus (A), but its expression was also seen throughout central corneal layers (B). Although K3 (Red) expression is absent in the limbal basal layer cells (C), K3 highlights whole central corneal cell layers (D). Control sections for limbal (E) and central cornea (F) show no background staining.</p

Collagen–Hyaluronic Acid Composite Hydrogels with Applications for Chronic Diabetic Wound Repair

Chronic diabetic wounds have become a major healthcare challenge worldwide. Improper treatment may lead to serious complications. Current treatment methods including biological and physical methods and skin grafting have limitations and disadvantages, such as poor efficacy, inconvenience of use, and high cost. Therefore, developing a more effective and feasible treatment is of great significance for the repair of chronic diabetic wounds. Hydrogels can be designed to serve multiple functions to promote the repair of chronic diabetic wounds. Furthermore, 3D bioprinting enables hydrogel customization to fit chronic diabetic wounds, thus facilitating the healing process. This paper reports a study of 3D printing of a collagen–hyaluronic acid composite hydrogels with application for chronic diabetic wound repair. In situ printed hydrogels were developed by a macromolecular crosslinking network using methacrylated recombinant human collagen (RHCMA) and methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA), both of which can respond to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The hydrogels were also loaded with silver nanoclusters (AgNCs) with ultra-small-size nanoparticles, which have the advantages of deep penetration ability and broad-spectrum high-efficiency antibacterial properties. The results of this study show that the developed RHCMA, HAMA, and AgNCs (RHAg) composite hydrogels present good UV responsiveness, porosity, mechanical properties, printability, and biocompatibility, all of which are beneficial to wound healing. The results of this study further show that the developed RHAg hydrogels not only effectively inhibited Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa but also promoted the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts in vitro and tissue regeneration and collagen deposition in vivo, thus producing a desirable wound repair effect and can be used as an effective functional biomaterial to promote chronic diabetic wound repair