An Adaptive Designer Network Model and Its Robustness Research

The designer network is the carrier for designers to carry out product design tasks, and the study of its evolution helps to accurately identify the designer team. The uncertainty of whether the designer chooses to keep in touch with other members of the network, its nonlinearity on the overall performance of the network and the external interference of the network, etc., increase the complexity of the designer network, which is not conducive to the development of product design tasks. Therefore, it is very interesting and important to study the co-evolution mechanism of the designer’s network structure and the designer’s opinion. This paper analyzes the Deffuant opinion dynamics model, considers the asymmetry of nodes in the network caused by the designer’s unequal relationship (the number of node links is different), and the difference in the degree of acceptance of other people’s opinions by different individuals, and improves the Deffuant model. Then combining the improved Deffuant model with the BA (Barabasi–Albert) model, a DBA (Deffuant and BA Adaptive) model was proposed that integrates opinion update, broken edge and reconnection, and opinion changes. On this basis, this paper designs a virtual network through the crowdsourcing of a certain product. The adjacency matrix of this network is symmetric, and corresponding comparative experiments are carried out on this network. The analysis of test results shows that under six different deliberate attacks, the DBA model is more robust than the BA model. In addition, the average shortest path of the DBA network will vary with the parameters. The proposed integrated DBA model has important guiding significance for building a robust designer network

An Adaptive Designer Network Model and Its Robustness Research

The designer network is the carrier for designers to carry out product design tasks, and the study of its evolution helps to accurately identify the designer team. The uncertainty of whether the designer chooses to keep in touch with other members of the network, its nonlinearity on the overall performance of the network and the external interference of the network, etc., increase the complexity of the designer network, which is not conducive to the development of product design tasks. Therefore, it is very interesting and important to study the co-evolution mechanism of the designer’s network structure and the designer’s opinion. This paper analyzes the Deffuant opinion dynamics model, considers the asymmetry of nodes in the network caused by the designer’s unequal relationship (the number of node links is different), and the difference in the degree of acceptance of other people’s opinions by different individuals, and improves the Deffuant model. Then combining the improved Deffuant model with the BA (Barabasi–Albert) model, a DBA (Deffuant and BA Adaptive) model was proposed that integrates opinion update, broken edge and reconnection, and opinion changes. On this basis, this paper designs a virtual network through the crowdsourcing of a certain product. The adjacency matrix of this network is symmetric, and corresponding comparative experiments are carried out on this network. The analysis of test results shows that under six different deliberate attacks, the DBA model is more robust than the BA model. In addition, the average shortest path of the DBA network will vary with the parameters. The proposed integrated DBA model has important guiding significance for building a robust designer network

The Effect of Cooling Rate on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the Zr-4Hf-3Nb (wt%) Alloy

The mechanical properties of Zr-based alloys, such as strength and elongation, are heavily dependent on the cooling rate during heat treatment. Understanding the phase transformation and microstructural evolution in various cooling media can establish the connection between the cooling rate and mechanical properties. The effect of the cooling rate on the phase, microstructure, and tensile properties of Zr-4Hf-3Nb (wt%) alloy is studied in this paper. The results show that the phase composition of the samples transforms from α+β to α+β+ω, and, finally, to α+α’+ω, while the average grain size of α phase decreases from 3.73 μm to 1.96 μm, and the distribution varies from compact to scattering as the cooling rate increases. Hf tends to distribute in β phase, and the slower cooling rate is beneficial to the existence of Hf. The strength and microhardness enhances monotonously, while the elongation ascends first, then decreases as the cooling rate increases. The high strength of water-cooling samples is attributed to the reduction in average grain size and volume fraction of α phase, and the lath α’ martensite and granular ω phase. The fracture pattern of Zr-4Hf-3Nb (wt%) alloy is ductile fracture, and the plasticity gets better with decreasing cooling rate

Effect of sivelestat sodium in patients with acute lung injury or acute respiratory distress syndrome: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Abstract Background Sivelestat is widely used in treating acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), although the clinical efficacy of sivelestat remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of sivelestat in patients with ALI/ARDS. Methods Electronic databases, PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, were searched to identify trials through April 2017. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included irrespective of blinding or language that compared patients with and without sivelestat therapy in ALI/ARDS. A random-effects model was used to process the data, and the relative risk (RR) and standard mean difference (SMD) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate the effect of sivelestat. Results Six RCTs reporting data on 804 patients with ALI/ARDS were included. Overall, no significant difference was found between sivelestat and control for the risk of 28–30 days mortality (RR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.71–1.23; P = 0.718). Sivelestat therapy had no significant effect on ventilation days (SMD: 0.05; 95% CI: −0.27 to 0.38; P = 0.748), arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2)/fractional inspired oxygen (FiO2) level (SMD: 0.48; 95% CI: −0.45 to 1.41; P = 0.315), and intensive care unit (ICU) stays (SMD: −9.87; 95% CI: −24.30 to 4.56; P = 0.180). The results of sensitivity analysis indicated that sivelestat therapy might affect the PaO2/FiO2 level in patients with ALI/ARDS (SMD: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.39 to 1.35; P < 0.001). Conclusions Sivelestat therapy might increase the PaO2/FiO2 level, while it had little or no effect on 28–30 days mortality, ventilation days, and ICU stays. These findings need to be verified in large-scale trials

Simulation of Smartphone-Based Public Participation in Earthquake Structural Response Emergency Monitoring Using a Virtual Experiment and AI

Structural health monitoring (SHM) is of great significance for post-earthquake damage assessment. Smartphone-based monitoring techniques provide the possibility to perform crowdsensing for all buildings in urban regions after an earthquake. However, this idea still faces many difficulties and is hard to realize. Fortunately, the development of game engines provides the opportunity for simulating this kind of experiment. The main objective of this study was to use Unity to simulate the whole process when a city is struck by an earthquake that consists of one main shock and one aftershock. During the emergency response, the citizens and the &ldquo;city brain&rdquo; in Unity, named Ground Eye, cooperate to finish the task of taking refuge and collecting data for regional damage assessment. Some basic assumptions were made first. Then the city model was established in Unity, and the behaviors of the citizens were directed by the behavior tree artificial intelligence (AI). OpenSees was utilized to determine the monitoring demand and simulate the monitoring results. A GUI was built to exhibit the data during the whole process. The results show that the evacuation and monitoring plan is feasible. The simulation framework presented in this paper can be used in other SHM application scenarios

Blue-Light-Dependent Stomatal Density and Specific Leaf Weight Coordinate to Promote Gas Exchange of Soybean Leaves

Blue and red light are essential light signals used to regulate stomatal development and leaf structure. In the present study, stomatal and leaf traits that respond to blue and red light were studied at two light intensities (400 and 100 µmol m−2 s−1) in soybeans. The stomatal traits and leaf characteristics were determined. Furthermore, their contribution to the operational maximum stomatal conductance (gopmax) was evaluated using the rdacca.hp R package. With the light intensity significantly reduced, the stomatal size (SZ) under blue light did not change. Similarly, the decrease in light intensity did not influence the stomatal density (SD), specific leaf weight (SLW) or gopmax under red light. These results implied that the regulation of SD and SLW depended on blue light and that SZ was highly sensitive to red light. In addition, SLW was strongly correlated with SD. The SLW and SD had the highest contribution rates (19.43% and 19.5%, respectively) to gopmax, as compared with the other parameters. In conclusion, these results suggested that in long-term exposure to blue light, the enhancements in gopmax were primarily due to the synergistic promotion of SLW and SD

Exposure Characteristics of the Analogous β-Carboline Alkaloids Harmaline and Harmine Based on the Efflux Transporter of Multidrug Resistance Protein 2

Harmaline and harmine occur naturally in plants and are distributed endogenously in human and animal tissues. The two β-carboline alkaloids possess potential for treating Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, depression and other central nervous system diseases. However, studies have showed that the two compounds have similar structures but with quite different bioavailability. The aim of this study was to elucidate the exposure difference and characterize the in vitro transport, metabolism, and pharmacokinetic properties of harmaline and harmine. The results showed that the harmaline and harmine transport across the Caco-2 and MDCK cell monolayers was varied as the time, concentration, pH and temperature changed. The absorption of harmaline and harmine was significantly decreased when ES (OATPs inhibitor), TEA (OCTs/OCTNs substrate), NaN3 (adenosine triphosphate inhibitor), or sodium vanadate (ATPase Na+/K+-dependent inhibitor) was added. However, when given MK571 and probenecid (the typical MRP2 inhibitor), the PappAB of harmine was increased (1.62- and 1.27-folds), and the efflux ratio was decreased from 1.59 to 0.98 and from 1.59 to 1.19, respectively. In addition, the uptake ratio of harmine at 1 μM was &gt;2.65 in the membrane vesicles expressing human MRP2. Furthermore, harmine could slightly up-regulate the expression of MRP2, which implying harmine might be the substrate of MRP2. Particularly, the CLint-value for harmine was ~1.49-folds greater than that of harmaline in human liver microsomes. It was worth noting that the F-value of harmine was increased 1.96-folds after harmine co-administration with probenecid. To summarize, comprehensive analysis indicated that harmaline and harmine were absorbed by transcellular passive diffusion and a pH- and Na+-dependent mechanism might be mediated by OATPs and OCTs/OCTNs. MRP2 but MDR1 or BCRP might be involved in the transport of harmine. Furthermore, harmine was more unstable and easily metabolized than harmaline. All these findings suggested that harmine not only appears be an MRP2 substrate, but also possesses weak metabolic stability, and eventually leads to a low oral bioavailability. Taken together, the elucidated absorption, transport, metabolism as well as pharmacokinetic characteristics of harmaline and harmine provide useful information for designing delivery systems, pharmacological applications and avoiding drug-drug interactions

Additional file 1: of Effect of sivelestat sodium in patients with acute lung injury or acute respiratory distress syndrome: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

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