A Coupled Model for Solution Flow and Bioleaching Reaction Based on the Evolution of Heap Pore Structure

Based on the basic seepage law, equations have been derived to descript the solution flow within the copper ore heap which is treated as anisotropy porous media. The relationship between heap permeability and pore ratio has been revealed. Given the consideration of cover pressure and particle dissolution, pore evolution model has been set up. The pore evolution mechanism, due to the process of dissolution, precipitation, blockage, collapse, and caking, has been investigated. The comprehensive model for pore evolution and solution flow under the effect of solute transport and leaching reaction has been established. A trapezoidal heap was calculated, and the estimated results show that permeability decreases with the decreasing of pore ratio. Therefore, the permeability of the heap with small particles is relatively low because of its low pore ratio. Furthermore, permeability and height are found to be the two main factors influencing the solution flow

Emotional Labor in Knowledge-Based Service Relationships: The Roles of Self-Monitoring and Display Rule Perceptions

Focusing on knowledge-based service relationships, this study examined knowledge-based service workers’ (i.e., school teachers) emotional labor process and the consequential outcomes for their well-being. The study also examined the roles of two antecedents, namely, teachers’ perceptions of display rules and self-monitoring tendencies. A sample of 1,656 school teachers participated in the study. The results showed that self-monitoring generally had stronger, though maladaptive, effects than display rule perceptions on individuals’ use of emotional labor strategies (ELS) (i.e., surface acting and deep acting) and well-being (i.e., anxiety, depression, contentment, and enthusiasm). Both self-monitoring and display rule perceptions were positively related to two ELS. There were relatively stronger relationships between self-monitoring and surface acting, and between display rule perceptions and deep acting. Surface acting was positively related to anxiety and depression and negatively related to contentment and enthusiasm. Deep acting was positively related to anxiety, contentment, and enthusiasm. The examination of indirect effects showed that self-monitoring was positively related to anxiety and depression and negatively related to enthusiasm and contentment. Display rule perceptions were weakly, but positively, related to anxiety and depression. These results suggest that self-monitoring may be less beneficial than previously thought. Knowledge-based service workers’ display rule perceptions and deep acting may not necessarily be harmful to their well-being, but reflect their role identification and commitment. Theoretical contributions and practical suggestions of this study were discussed

Do Chinese Teachers Perform Emotional Labor Equally? Multi-Group Comparisons Across Genders, Grade Levels and Regions

The emotional aspects of teaching are important and teachers’ emotional labor, or, how teachers manage emotions at school, has been attracting more and more attention recently. Using multi-group structural equation modeling, this study investigated the measurement invariance of, and the relationships between, teachers’ emotional labor strategies and teaching satisfaction. Participants included teachers from primary and secondary schools in Hong Kong and mainland China. Three sets of group comparisons have been made between female and male teachers, between primary and secondary school teachers, and between teachers in Hong Kong and mainland China. The multi-group invariance tests showed no significant subgroup differences in the measurement and structural models. Thus, there was no difference of ‘kind.’ However, some differences of ‘degree’ were observed across genders, grade levels and regions. These differences in the relationship between surface/deep acting and teaching satisfaction can be attributed to the possible influence of some cognitive factors and socio-cultural contexts. With due methodological rigor, the results of this study provide deeper understanding of teachers’ emotional labor and its relationship with teaching satisfaction

A Multilevel Analysis of Job Characteristics, Emotion Regulation, and Teacher Well-Being: A Job Demands-Resources Model

This study integrated personal factors into the job demands-resources (JD-R) model to examine school- and individual-level predictors of teacher well-being. Survey data were gathered from 1,656 teachers from 54 schools. The results of hierarchical linear modeling indicated that the school-level emotional job demands of teaching and suppression at the individual level were positively related to teachers' anxiety and depression whereas school-level trust in colleagues and individual-level reappraisal were positively associated with enthusiasm and contentment. Positive relationship between emotional job demands and suppression was also found. These findings support the claim that reappraisal should be considered a personal resource and suppression a personal demand

Induction of Escherichia coli Into a VBNC State by Continuous-Flow UVC and Subsequent Changes in Metabolic Activity at the Single-Cell Level

A viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state of bacteria induced by disinfection in water treatment poses serious health risks because of possible resuscitation of VBNC cells during transportation. In this study, a setup using continuous-flow ultraviolet (UVC) irradiation ranging from 0 to 172.2 mJ cm-2 was designed to simulate real-world disinfection in both drinking water (SDW) and reclaimed water (SRW) treatment plants. A systematic investigation of UVC-induced VBNC bacteria, including occurrence, resuscitation, and time-dependent recovery of metabolic activity during post-incubation, was conducted. Different techniques including two new ones of “single cell culture” and D2O-labeled single-cell Raman spectroscopy were employed to gain comprehensive insights into VBNC cells. Heterotrophic plate counts (HPC) and 5-cyano-2,3-ditoyl tetrazolium chloride flow cytometry (CTC-FCM) assay demonstrated that exposure to continuous-flow UVC can induce E. coli into a VBNC state. Membranes integrity and 16S rRNA transcription level of VBNC bacteria were demonstrated to be unaffected by UVC exposure even at a high dose of 172.2 mJ cm-2. Resuscitation of VBNC bacteria was identified in a more accurate way based on “single cell culture.” Finally, time-dependent evolution of metabolic activity of UVC-treated cells during post-incubation was examined by D2O-labeled Raman spectroscopy at a high-resolution of single-cell level. C-D Raman bands resulting from incorporation of D2O-derived D into bacterial biomass were used as a sensitive and quantitative indicator of bacterial metabolic activity. A lower UVC dose, longer post-incubation time, and higher initial number of bacteria were demonstrated to result in a faster recovery of metabolic activity. Heterogeneous metabolic activity and subpopulation with higher metabolic activity were also revealed by single-cell Raman, even for UVC-treated cells losing cultivability. The comprehensive assessment of VBNC bacteria in UVC-disinfected drinking and reclaimed water points out treatment deficiencies of UVC and the necessity to develop more effective strategies to eliminate VBNC cells

DeepBouton: Automated Identification of Single-Neuron Axonal Boutons at the Brain-Wide Scale

Fine morphological reconstruction of individual neurons across the entire brain is essential for mapping brain circuits. Inference of presynaptic axonal boutons, as a key part of single-neuron fine reconstruction, is critical for interpreting the patterns of neural circuit wiring schemes. However, automated bouton identification remains challenging for current neuron reconstruction tools, as they focus mainly on neurite skeleton drawing and have difficulties accurately quantifying bouton morphology. Here, we developed an automated method for recognizing single-neuron axonal boutons in whole-brain fluorescence microscopy datasets. The method is based on deep convolutional neural networks and density-peak clustering. High-dimensional feature representations of bouton morphology can be learned adaptively through convolutional networks and used for bouton recognition and subtype classification. We demonstrate that the approach is effective for detecting single-neuron boutons at the brain-wide scale for both long-range pyramidal projection neurons and local interneurons

Genome-wide analysis of the TIFY family and function of CaTIFY7 and CaTIFY10b under cold stress in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

TIFY [TIF(F/Y)XG] proteins are a plant particular transcription factor family that regulates plant stress responses. Therefore, to fill this gap, we investigated CaTIFY genes in pepper. Gene structure and conserved motifs of the pepper TIFY gene family were systematically analyzed using sequence alignment analysis, Cis-acting element analysis, transcriptomic data, and RT-qPCR analysis, and their expression patterns were further analyzed using Virus-Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS) and cold stress reactive oxygen species (ROS) response. We identified 16 CaTIFY genes in pepper, which were dispersed among seven subgroups (JAZI, JAZII, JAZIII, PPD, TIFY, and ZIM/ZML). Several CaTIFY members had stress-related harmonic-responsive elements, and four (CaTIFY7, CaTIFY10b, CaTIFY1b, and CaTIFY6b) had low-temperature-responsive elements. Transcriptomic data and RT-qPCR analysis revealed that the TIFY genes in pepper displayed different expression patterns in the roots, stems, leaves, flower fruits, and seeds. In particular, CaTIFY7 was highly expressed in young leaves, and CaTIFY10b was highly expressed in roots. CaTIFYs participated in the regulation of several different abiotic stresses and CaTIFY7 and CaTIFY10b were significantly induced by cold stress. Additionally, Virus-Induced Gene Silencing (targeting CaTIFY7 and CaTIFY10b) resulted in plants that were sensitive to cold stress. Conversely, overexpression of CaTIFY7 and CaTIFY10b enhanced plant cold tolerance by promoting the expression of genes related to cold stress and the ROS response. CaTIFY7 and CaTIFY10b interacted with themselves and CaTIFY7 also interacted with CaTIFY10b in the yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) system. Our data provide a basis for further analysis of the role of pepper TIFY genes in cold-stress responses in the future

Corrigendum to: The TianQin project: current progress on science and technology

In the originally published version, this manuscript included an error related to indicating the corresponding author within the author list. This has now been corrected online to reflect the fact that author Jun Luo is the corresponding author of the article

Teacher Efficacy and Affective Well-Being in Hong Kong: An Examination of Their Relationships and Individual Differences

Purpose —The aim of this study is to explore the relationships between dimensions of teacher efficacy and affective well-being while focusing on the roles of demographic characteristics (gender, grade level, educational background, and seniority). Design/Approach/Methods —1,115 primary and 541 secondary school teachers in Hong Kong participated in the questionnaire survey. A series of t -tests, ANOVA, correlation analysis, and hierarchical multiple regressions were conducted. Findings —The younger teachers reported lower scores for well-being and efficacy than their senior counterparts, and the female and primary school teachers reported significantly higher levels of teacher efficacy for student engagement than their respective counterparts. Of the dimensions of affective well-being, pleasant affect was more closely related to teacher efficacy than negative affect, and the activated pleasant dimension of enthusiasm had the strongest influence. Of the three dimensions of teacher efficacy, efficacy for student engagement was most strongly associated with affective well-being. Originality/Value —The study revealed that teachers’ affective well-being is not only important in itself, but also contributes to classroom teaching. The enthusiasm and passion possessed and maintained by teachers could play important roles in enhancing their self-efficacy. Furthermore, maintaining a good affective well-being status and even a modest level of anxiety contributes to their efficacy for student engagement, a dimension on which teachers reported the least confidence. Suggestions were put forward on how to improve teacher efficacy and well-being