<i>Plasmodium knowlesi</i> CSP genes from GenBank.

<p>N = total number of isolates.</p

Median Joining Network of CSP generated using Network program.

<p>The network shows relationship among the 27 haplotypes based on the human Th2R/Th3R sequences from Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore and macaques from Peninsular Malaysia. Numbers in larger circles represent number of haplotypes, unnumbered circles represent single haplotypes. The smaller red circles are median vectors generated by the program.</p

Sliding window (size = 10 bp, length = 5 bp) analysis of genetic diversity (π) across the Th2R/Th3R region.

<p>The x-axis represents CSP amino acid positions 278 to 336. The Th2R and Th3R regions are indicated.</p

Sliding window plot of nucleotide diversity (π) at the N- and C-terminals of PkCSP.

<p>The π values were calculated on DnaSP version 5 with window length of 100 bp and step size of 25 bp.</p

Structure of <i>P</i>. <i>knowlesi</i> CSP.

<p>The repeat region and the C-terminal epitope binding regions Th2R/ Th3R are based on the orthologous <i>P</i>. <i>falciparum</i> CSP. The amino acid numbering is based on the sequence of <i>P</i>. <i>knowlesi</i> strain H (GenBank Accession No. XM_002258966.1)</p

Most abundant PkCSP Th2R/Th2R haplotypes.

<p>Most abundant PkCSP Th2R/Th2R haplotypes.</p

Amino acid sequence polymorphism in the <i>P</i>. <i>knowlesi</i> CSP N- and C-terminal nonrepeat regions.

<p>Polymorphic amino acid residues are listed for each haplotype. Residues identical to those of the reference sequence (strain H) are marked by dots. Monomorphic, dimorphic and trimorphic changes at a particular amino acid position are shaded blue, green and purple, respectively. Total number of sequences for each haplotype is listed in the right panel.</p

Estimates of DNA sequence polymorphism and test of neutrality at the nonrepeat terminals and Th2R/Th3R epitope region of <i>P</i>. <i>knowlesi</i> CSP gene.

<p>^¥ = p < 0.05</p><p>N = total number of sequences; S = segregating sites; H = number of haplotypes; Hd = haplotype diversity; π = observed average pairwise nucleotide diversity; dN–dS = rate of nonsynonymous mutations minus rate of synonymous mutations,</p