(1H-1,2,3-Benzotriazol-1-yl)methyl 2,2-dimethyl­propano­ate

In the title compound, C12H15N3O2, the dihedral angle between the mean planes of the benzene and triazole rings is 0.331 (53) °. The side chain of the pivalate unit forms a dihedral angle of 69.04 (12)° with the benzotriazole unit. The ester group and two methyl groups of the pivalate unit are disordered with an occupancy ratio of 0.731 (3):0.269 (3). In the crystal, weak π–π stacking inter­actions are observed between inversion-related benzene rings [centroid–centroid distance = 3.9040 (1) Å]

Persistent Antigen and Prolonged AKT-mTORC1 Activation Underlie Memory CD8 T Cell Impairment in the Absence of CD4 T Cells

Recall responses by memory CD8 T cells are impaired in the absence of CD4 T cells. Although several mechanisms have been proposed, the molecular basis is still largely unknown. Using a local influenza virus infection in the respiratory tract and the lung of CD4[superscript −/−] mice, we show that memory CD8 T cell impairment is limited to the lungs and the lung-draining lymph nodes, where viral Ags are unusually persistent and abundant in these mice. Persistent Ag exposure results in prolonged activation of the AKT–mTORC1 pathway in Ag-specific CD8 T cells, favoring their development into effector memory T cells at the expense of central memory T cells, and inhibition of mTORC1 by rapamycin largely corrects the impairment by promoting central memory T cell development. The findings suggest that the prolonged AKT–mTORC1 activation driven by persistent Ag is a critical mechanism underlying the impaired memory CD8 T cell development and responses in the absence of CD4 T cells.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant AI69208)Singapore. National Research Foundation (Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART). Infectious Disease Research Program)Ivan R. Cottrell Professorship and Research FundNational Cancer Institute (U.S.) (David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT. Support (Core) Grant P30-CA14051

Draft genome sequence of the Tibetan antelope

The Tibetan antelope (Pantholops hodgsonii) is endemic to the extremely inhospitable high-altitude environment of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, a region that has a low partial pressure of oxygen and high ultraviolet radiation. Here we generate a draft genome of this artiodactyl and use it to detect the potential genetic bases of highland adaptation. Compared with other plain-dwelling mammals, the genome of the Tibetan antelope shows signals of adaptive evolution and gene-family expansion in genes associated with energy metabolism and oxygen transmission. Both the highland American pika, and the Tibetan antelope have signals of positive selection for genes involved in DNA repair and the production of ATPase. Genes associated with hypoxia seem to have experienced convergent evolution. Thus, our study suggests that common genetic mechanisms might have been utilized to enable high-altitude adaptation

Bis{1-[(benzoyloxy)methyl]-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazole-κN3}(nitrato-κ2O,O′)silver(I)

In the crystal structure of the title coordination compound, [Ag(NO3)(C14H11N3O2)2], the AgI atom is four-coordinated in a distorted tetrahedral geometry by two O atoms from one nitrate group and two N atoms from two different 1-[(benzoyloxy)methyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazole ligands. In the complex, the two coordinated benzotriazole rings rings are nearly perpendicular, the dihedral angle between their planes being 87.08 (6)°

Tetraphenylethene-Embedded Pillar[5]arene and [15]Paracyclophane: Distorted Cavities and Host–Guest Binding Properties

Two aggregation-induced emission (AIE) macrocycles (DMP[5]-TPE and PCP[5]-TPE) were prepared by embedding Tetraphenylethene (TPE) unit into the skeletons of Dimethoxypillar[5]arene (DMP[5]) and [15]Paracyclophane ([15]PCP) at meso position, respectively. In crystal, the PCP[5]-TPE showed a distorted cavity, and the incubation of hexane inside the DMP[5]-TPE cavity caused a distinct change in the molecular conformation compared to PCP[5]-TPE. There was no complexation between PCP[5]-TPE and 1,4-dicyanobutane (DCB). UV absorption experiments showed the distorted cavity of DMP[5]-TPE hindered association with DCB