Association of Head and Cervical Injuries in Pediatric Occupants Involved in Motor Vehicle Collisions

The leading cause of death for children in the age group of 1-14 years is accidental injury. Motor vehicle accidents make up 63% of all accidental injury deaths in this age category. Furthermore, traumatic brain injury causes the highest number of deaths among children involved in motor vehicle collisions. Although cervical spine injuries are less frequent, they do cause death in children. Using a retrospective database, the objective of this pilot study was to determine whether there was a relationship between head injuries and cervical spine injuries and if cervical spine injuries had a higher frequency in younger pediatric passengers. Data were gathered on the types of injuries in passengers and pedestrians from postmortem and police reports for children 12 years and under involved in motor vehicle collisions. The influence of age and gender on the frequency of sustaining a head and spine injury was analyzed. The results showed that the younger individuals of both sexes had higher odds of sustaining head injuries and lower odds of sustaining neck injuries. This study also showed that head and neck injuries were relatively independently related for all sample groups tested suggesting different factors were involved in their causation. By understanding the relationship between head and spine injuries in different age and gender groups, the variables responsible for these injuries must be further defined prospectively when designing motor vehicle research protocols and safety regulations and investigating child deaths in motor vehicle collisions. Serious head and neck injuries and deaths in children can be reduced by preventative safety measures which address the etiologic factors responsible for these injuries in motor vehicle collisions

Ocean Savior From Above: Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS) Operations During Near-Shore Ocean Rescues - Phase II: A Proposed Comprehensive Solution and Review of Current Technologies and Concepts

Approximately 4000 people drown every year in the United States, 50-75 percent of which perish in open water environments (Branche & Stewart, 2001). In Volusia County, Florida, alone over 30 fatal drownings were recorded by the Volusia County Beach Safety Division between January 2012 and June 2017 (Shekari, 2018). To reduce drowning deaths in Volusia County, it is proposed that a small unmanned aircraft system (sUAS) solution be utilized for near-shore ocean rescues. The research examines the technical and financial feasibility of a comprehensive sUAS solution that is capable of detecting and predicting rip currents, detecting distressed bathers, and responding to drowning emergencies by reviewing relevant technical concepts and costs associated with implementing the solution with commercially available components

Ocean Savior From Above: Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS) Operations During Near-Shore Ocean Rescues

The United States possesses 12,383 miles of ocean shoreline across all territorial boarders, which includes the U.S. mainland, Alaska, Hawaii, and non-state possessions. The vast shorelines offer great opportunities for both recreational and commercial exploration. However, the shoreline environment also presents a challenging and ever-present public safety hazard: drowning in open water. To combat the drowning threat, the United States Coast Guard and local governments along the nation’s shorelines have developed protection measures to prevent drowning. These protection measures include beach lifeguards, rescue boats, and manned rescue aircraft. Yet 50-75% of the approximately 4,000 annual drowning deaths in the United States happen in oceans and other open waters (Branche & Stewart, 2001). This paper discusses the implementation of a new tool to protect visitors of the United States’ near-shore ocean waters: small unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS). The contained study focuses on how sUAS can be used for near-shore ocean rescue, the legality of the proposed solution, and how the population of Volusia County, Florida views the government using the technology for public safety use, and more specifically ocean rescue. The study postulates that the sUAS can be used for a quicker aviation asset response than manned aircraft during rescues and fly in non-favorable conditions. The proposed solution also appears to be legal, and possess public favor

Designing an autonomous goods-to-person order picking system: from storage to pick.

In recent years, there has been an increased growth in e-commerce, which is a special case of a business-to-customer model. Among all the operations for fulfilling online orders, order picking has been the concern of many researchers and practitioners in the field of warehousing and material handling. This is due to very different technical assumptions and service expectations for online retailers compared to the case of business-to-business models. The most fundamental change in order processing, imposed by business-to-customer models, is shipping individual items or “eaches,” instead of cases and pallets, which is typical of business-to-business models. As a result, the methods and equipment used to serve orders for store replenishment are not suitable for online retailers. This dissertation investigates new design ideas, at different stages of an order fulfillment process, to improve the throughput in goods-to-person order picking systems. These ideas focus on reducing the item interarrival time in workstations by improving the item retrieval operation in both the storage and the pick side. In Chapter II, we propose a design for a grid-based goods-to-person order picking system that overcomes the barriers to assign the workstations to different sides of a grid, employing an existing path planning method in the literature. We also address some specific design questions to explore this design’s potentials to maximize the throughput by reducing the expected interarrival time, for the requested items at workstations. Given a high retrieval rate from the storage side, the focus of Chapter III is on designing the pick interfaces in goods-to-person order picking systems. At this step of our research, we investigate how to manage the material flow in the interface and how to sequence the items to be processed by the picker to maximize the system throughput, under different scenarios for the picker’s picking and traveling speed. To further accelerate the order fulfillment process, the focus of Chapter IV is on designing a “dynamic order picking” system. This design aims at overcoming the restrictions on the minimum size of the pick area, utilizing the available replenishment capacity for required item replacements, in a timely manner. This design exploits the opportunities provided by a continuous synchronization between picking and replenishing operations

Estimation of illuminance on the south facing surfaces for clear skies in Iran

Background: Daylight availability data are essential for designing effectively day lighted buildings. In respect to no available daylight availability data in Iran, illuminance data on the south facing vertical surfaces were estimated using a proper method. Methods: An illuminance measuring set was designed for measuring vertical illuminances for standard times over 15 days at one hour intervals from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. at three measuring stations (Hamadan, Eshtehard and Kerman). Measuring data were used to confirm predicted by the IESNA method. Results: Measurement of respective illuminances on the south vertical surfaces resulted in minimum values of 10.5 KLx, mean values of 33.59 KLx and maximum values of 79.6 KLx. Conclusion: In this study was developed a regression model between measured and calculated data of south facing vertical illuminance. This model, have a good linear correlation between measured and calculated values (r= 0.892)

Properties of doubly heavy spin-12\frac{1}{2} baryons: The ground and excited states

We determine the masses and residues of the ground and excited spin-$\frac {1}{2}$ baryons consist of two heavy b or c quark utilizing the QCD sum rule formalism. In the calculations, we consider the nonperturbative operators up to ten mass dimensions in order to increase the accuracy compared to the previous calculations. We report the obtained results for both the symmetric and anti-symmetric currents defining the doubly heavy baryons of the ground state (1S), first orbitally excited state (1P) and first radially excited state (2S). We compare our results with the predictions of other nonperturbative approaches as well as existing experimental data which is available only for the ground state of $\Xi_{cc}$ channel. These predictions can help the experimental groups in their searches for all members of the doubly heavy baryons in their ground and exited states.Comment: 18 Pages, 5 Figures and 9 Table

Application of AI in Modeling of Real System in Chemistry

In recent years, discharge of synthetic dye waste from different industries leading to aquatic and environmental pollution is a serious global problem of great concern. Hence, the removal of dye prediction plays an important role in wastewater management and conservation of nature. Artificial intelligence methods are popular owing due to its ease of use and high level of accuracy. This chapter proposes a detailed review of artificial intelligence-based removal dye prediction methods particularly multiple linear regression (MLR), artificial neural networks (ANNs), and least squares-support vector machine (LS-SVM). Furthermore, this chapter will focus on ensemble prediction models (EPMs) used for removal dye prediction. EPMs improve the prediction accuracy by integrating several prediction models. The principles, advantages, disadvantages, and applications of these artificial intelligence-based methods are explained in this chapter. Furthermore, future directions of the research on artificial intelligence-based removal dye prediction methods are discussed