The Impacts of Jute on Environment: An Analytical Review of Bangladesh

The worldwide awareness on environment is the reason for the opportunities of Jute, due to environment-friendly characteristics. The study is to evaluate the impacts of Jute production on environment in Bangladesh. It is taken the data of Production Area, of Jute for 19 years of Bangladesh. The jutes increase the fertility of land, preserve the ozone layer by absorbing CO2 and clean the air by emitting O2. The jute is used as vegetable, geo-textile, biogas, biodegradable products which have impact on the environment. The recommended issues are to use the scientific method of cultivation, to implement the law for using jute rather synthetic, to make jute policy, to enhance the application area of jute, to develop the awareness of Jute as environment friendly fibre, and to develop the research institutions etc. Keywords: Jute, Environment, CO2, O2, Fertilit

Community-based asthma assessment in young children:Adaptations for a multicentre longitudinal study in South Asia

BACKGROUND: Systematic assessment of childhood asthma is challenging in low- and middle-income country (LMIC) settings due to the lack of standardised and validated methodologies. We describe the contextual challenges and adaptation strategies in the implementation of a community-based asthma assessment in four resource-constrained settings in Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan. METHOD: We followed a group of children of age 6–8 years for 12 months to record their respiratory health outcomes. The study participants were enrolled at four study sites of the ‘Aetiology of Neonatal Infection in South Asia (ANISA)’ study. We standardised the research methods for the sites, trained field staff for uniform data collection and provided a ‘Child Card’ to the caregiver to record the illness history of the participants. We visited the children on three different occasions to collect data on respiratory-related illnesses. The lung function of the children was assessed in the outreach clinics using portable spirometers before and after 6-minute exercise, and capillary blood was examined under light microscopes to determine eosinophil levels. RESULTS: We enrolled 1512 children, 95.5% (1476/1512) of them completed the follow-up, and 81.5% (1232/1512) participants attended the lung function assessment tests. Pre- and post-exercise spirometry was performed successfully in 88.6% (1091/1232) and 85.7% (1056/1232) of children who attempted these tests. Limited access to health care services, shortage of skilled human resources, and cultural diversity were the main challenges in adopting uniform procedures across all sites. Designing the study implementation plan based on the local contexts and providing extensive training of the healthcare workers helped us to overcome these challenges. CONCLUSION: This study can be seen as a large-scale feasibility assessment of applying spirometry and exercise challenge tests in community settings of LMICs and provides confidence to build capacity to evaluate children’s respiratory outcomes in future translational research studies

The direct and indirect impact of SARS-CoV-2 infections on neonates: a series of 26 cases in Bangladesh

Background: The impact of SARS-CoV-2 on neonates remains largely unknown in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We provide an epidemiologic and clinical report of SARS-CoV-2 infections in neonates hospitalized in Bangladesh. Methods: Outborn neonates admitted to Dhaka Shishu Hospital, a tertiary-care referral hospital, between 29 March and 1 July were screened for SARS-CoV-2. We reviewed clinical data, including chest radiograph and laboratory reports, and conducted SARS-CoV-2 genome sequencing. Patients were followed-up for 27–75 days. A subset of caregivers was also tested. Results: Of 83 neonates tested, 26 were positive (median age 8 days). Most neonates were admitted with diagnosis unrelated to SARS-CoV-2: 11 presented with serious non-communicable diseases, 7 with early-onset sepsis, 5 with late-onset sepsis and 2 with pneumonia. In 3 of 5 chest radiograph, infiltrates and ground-glass or patchy opacities were noted. Two neonates developed metabolic acidosis, one developed disseminated intravascular coagulation. Most SARS-CoV-2 positive neonates were referred to government-designated COVID-19 hospitals, leading to gaps in treatment. Twenty-three neonates could be followed-up: 12 were healthy, 8 died and 3 were still seeking medical care. Of 9 caregivers tested, 8 were positive. Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 may have serious adverse effects on children born in LMICs. The virus likely contributed directly to two deaths, but the remaining 6 neonates who died had serious comorbidities. Positive SARS-CoV-2 test results led to gaps in immediate clinical care for other morbidities, which likely contributed to adverse outcomes. This case series emphasizes the need to understand COVID-19 in neonates in LMICs and its indirect impacts

Mobile commerce : the use of m-commerce by customers today

Mobile commerce (M-commerce) refers to the ability to conduct wireless commerce transactions using mobile applications in mobile devices. The initial debate on m-commerce was characterized by a high level of optimism, followed by a more nuanced and realistic approach. It is a new concept and is emerging in a context of an established norms, rules and standards. The purpose of this study is to provide a better understanding on how m- commerce can be used by customer today. In order to attain the purpose, three research questions are stated focusing on the benefits of m-commerce, the buying process of m-commerce, and the obstacles of m-commerce. Methodologically, two different case studies were conducted, one in the West (Sweden) and one in the East (Bangladesh), with interviews of consumers as the primary data collection tool employed. The findings show that the benefits of micro-payments are widely acceptable as of now as compare to other services of m-commerce. The adoption rate of m-commerce will increase based on the ease of its use. Regarding the buying process for m-commerce, a variation on a more traditional e-commerce model is developed. Finally, significant obstacles were found which are important when considering the development of m-commerce services. Browsing costs are rather high with a mobile device and a slow Internet connection can lead to indifferences in use. However, proper support from the Government could further support the growth of m-commerce.Validerat; 20101217 (root

A Privacy-Preserving National Clinical Data Warehouse: Architecture and Analysis

A centralized clinical data repository is essential for inspecting patients’ medical history, disease analysis, population-wide disease research, treatment decision support, and improving existing healthcare policies and services. Bangladesh, a rapidly developing country, poses several unusual challenges for developing such a centralized clinical data repository as the existing Electronic Health Records (EHR) are stored in unconnected, heterogeneous sources with no unique patient identifier and consistency. Data integration with secure record linkage, privacy preservation, quality control, and data standardization are the main challenges for developing a consistent and interoperable centralized clinical data repository. Based on the findings from our previous researches, we have designed an anonymous National Clinical Data Warehouse (NCDW) framework to reinforce research and analysis. The architecture of NCDW is divided into five stages to overcome the challenges: (1) Wrapper-based anonymous data acquisition; (2) Data loading and staging; (3) Transformation, standardization, and uploading to the data warehouse; (4) Management and monitoring; (5) Data Mart design, OLAP server, data mining, and applications. A prototype of NCDW has been developed with a complete pipeline from data collection to analytics by integrating three data sources. The proposed NCDW model facilitates regional and national decision support, intelligent disease analysis, knowledge discovery, and data-driven research. We have inspected the analytical efficacy of the framework by qualitative evaluation of the national decision support from two derived disease data marts. The experimental result based on the analysis is satisfactory to extend the NCDW on a large scale

Operational definitions of paediatric asthma used in epidemiological studies:A systematic review

BACKGROUND: Researchers use different definitions to identify children with asthma in epidemiological surveys. We conducted a systematic review to describe the definitions used in epidemiologic studies for wheeze and asthma in the paediatric population, aimed to inform the development of a uniform definition of paediatric asthma for future epidemiological research. METHODS: We systematically searched terms to identify asthma and/or wheeze among children aged <13 years and published between 1995-2020 across seven databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Global Health, AMED, LILACS and CINAHL). PRISMA guidelines were followed for this review. RESULTS: We extracted a total of 11 886 records, where 190 met our eligibility criteria and included in the analysis. Among the included studies, 62.1% (n = 118/190) used the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaires, predominantly in developing countries (80%, n = 64/80). ‘Wheeze’ was reported in five categories, subdivided by 14 different definitions. “Current wheeze”, defined as caregivers report of wheezing sounds from the chest of the child in the past 12 months and “Wheeze ever”, defined as caregivers’ report of wheezing or whistling in the chest of the child at any previous time, were the most common wheeze category reported in 129 and 95 studies, respectively. Asthma was reported in nine categories using 53 definitions. The most common asthma category was “Asthma ever”, which was reported in 89 studies, based on caregiver statement that the child had asthma in the past. CONCLUSION: Definitions of wheeze and asthma for children used in surveys are primarily based on parent-reported clinical features. Studies from developing countries more frequently used the ISAAC definitions to report childhood asthma and wheeze compared to the studies from developed counties. The use of a uniform asthma definition will aid the interpretation of research findings globally