SNP location, minor allele frequency and call rates for markers in <i>FOXP2</i>.

<p>SNP location, minor allele frequency and call rates for markers in <i>FOXP2</i>.</p

Multivariate growth trajectory models 1, 2 and 3: variance components for Mean CELF scaled standard score at 4 years (intercept) Growth rate per year 4–7 years (slope) and Pseudo R².

<p>Multivariate growth trajectory models 1, 2 and 3: variance components for Mean CELF scaled standard score at 4 years (intercept) Growth rate per year 4–7 years (slope) and Pseudo R².</p

Language measures in each sample.

<p>Language measures in each sample.</p

Least-mutable predictors: measures, age of measurement, derivation and criteria and evidence for categorisation.

<p>Key to Criteria: 1) cannot be modified through intervention as the factor is biologically driven; 2) comorbid diagnoses such as ADHD, ASD or Learning Disability whose symptoms can be ameliorated to a degree but which cannot be removed entirely; and 4) it would be unethical or impracticable to target in an intervention.</p><p>*presented only where criteria for assignment to ‘least mutable’ category is number 3) evidence of limited responsiveness to intervention</p><p>^a KBIT-2—Kaufman, A. S., and N. L. Kaufman. (2004). <i>Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test</i>. <i>2nd ed</i>. Bloomington, MN: Pearson;</p><p>^bATS—Prior, M., Sanson, A., & Oberklaid, F. (1989). The Australian temperament project. In G. Kohnstamm, J. Bates, &M. Rothbart (Eds.), <i>Temperament in childhood</i> (pp. 537–554). Chichester: Wiley</p><p>Least-mutable predictors: measures, age of measurement, derivation and criteria and evidence for categorisation.</p

Mutable-proximal predictors: measures, age of measurement, derivation and evidence for potential to be modified through intervention.

<p>^aSDQ—Goodman, R. (1997). The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: a research note. <i>Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry</i>, <i>38</i>, 581–586;</p><p>^bGFTA—Goldman R, Fristoe M. (2000) <i>Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation 2</i>. <i>2nd edn</i>. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service</p><p>Mutable-proximal predictors: measures, age of measurement, derivation and evidence for potential to be modified through intervention.</p

Linkage disequilibrium structure of FOXP2 with candidate SNPs.

<p>Linkage disequilibrium structure of FOXP2 with candidate SNPs.</p

Scatterplot of the relationship between Language Z score at 4 years (intercept) and rate of change in Language Z scores per year from 4–7 years (slope).

<p>Scatterplot of the relationship between Language Z score at 4 years (intercept) and rate of change in Language Z scores per year from 4–7 years (slope).</p

Means and standard deviations (<i>SD</i>) of language composite scores for tag SNP genotypes within <i>FOXP2</i> and effect sizes (<i>R</i>^<i>2</i>) of genotypes on language in the combined Iowa sample.

<p>Means and standard deviations (<i>SD</i>) of language composite scores for tag SNP genotypes within <i>FOXP2</i> and effect sizes (<i>R</i>^<i>2</i>) of genotypes on language in the combined Iowa sample.</p

Mutable-distal predictors: measures, age of measurement, and derivation.

<p>^aAustralian Bureau of Statistics. (2001). <i>Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas</i>. Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics.</p><p>^bMHVS Raven, J., Raven, J. C. and Court. J. H. (1998). Manual for Raven’s Progressive Matrices and Vocabulary Scales. Section 5: The Mill Hill Vocabulary Scale. San Antonio, TX: Harcourt Assessment;</p><p>^cWRAT—Wilkinson, G. S., and Robertson, G. J. (2006) <i>The Wide Range Achievement Test-4th edition</i> Lutz, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources</p><p>Mutable-distal predictors: measures, age of measurement, and derivation.</p

Random sample of ‘empirical growth’ plots—Individual OLS trajectories for 1 child in 10 (N = 83).

<p>Random sample of ‘empirical growth’ plots—Individual OLS trajectories for 1 child in 10 (N = 83).</p