RUSSIAN PAREMIAS AND THE MECHANISMS OF HUMAN THINKING (THE EXPRESSION OF GENERALIZED VALUE)

In the article proverbs and sayings reflecting the scope of human knowledge about the surrounding world are characterized as the material that allows to investigate cogitative processes of the native speaker. The structural and substantial features of paremias are considered, which makes it possible to use proverbs and sayings as a diagnostic tool in studying the thesaurus, peculiarities of person’s psyche; in identification and investigation of disorders in operational side of thinking in psychology, pathopsychology and pedagogy. Russian paremias recorded in the National corpus of the Russian language, which were used in psychological tests to study the level of thinking, were analyzed. The results of the questionnaire survey of students of technical and humanitarian specialization, which reflect the thesaurus, the level of judgment, the development of logical thinking and intelligence, cultural values, individual knowledge and preferences of native speakers of modern Russian language are described. It is concluded that, on the basis of recipients’ comprehension of generalized meaning of Russian paremias, which reflects the ability to perceive and highlight generalized conclusions about the typical life situation, it is possible to investigate the specificity of thinking of native speakers, caused by mental peculiarities, selectivity of memory mechanisms, the level of logical thinking and intelligence, and also the degree of formation of linguistic, cultural and professional competence of a modern Russian language native speaker

Developing Thesaurus of the Author's Literary Discourse (Based on P. Bazhov's Tales)

The concept of a thesaurus is examined in the article; the importance of creating individual author's thesauri for a better understanding of the linguistic personality of the writer and his worldview reflected in the units of the language system is determined. This provides the opportunity to conduct the diachronic study of the language and make comparative analyzes of various writers' idiolects, etc. The individual author's picture of the world in Bazhov's tales using the method of comparing formal and functional thesauri proposed by L. Gasparov is examined in the article. This approach made it possible to determine the features of the language system of Bazhov's tales with the functioning of such lexical units in it that contribute to the understanding of the niche occupied by the lexical-semantic field “precious metals and stones” and other interacting spheres in this picture of the world including natural-geographical and everyday spheres, professional and mythopoetic spheres

Редокс-реакции у Hydrocharis morsus-ranae L. в условиях техногенной нагрузки

Aquatic ecosystems are very sensitive to industrial impacts, and, therefore, it is increasingly important to study the mechanisms underlying the tolerance of aquatic organisms to water pollution. Heavy metals (HMs) are among the most common and toxic pollutants of aquatic ecosystems. They have a particularly strong effect on macrophytes, which are in close contact with the aquatic environment and can accumulate metals in considerable quantities. Hydrocharis morsus-ranae L. is a floating macrophyte (pleistophyte) with a high capacity for accumulation of HMs. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of industrial pollution on the redox reactions in H. morsus-ranae and to identify the role of low molecular weight antioxidants in adaptation of this macrophyte to unfavorable conditions. A comparative analysis of the physiological and biochemical characteristics of H. morsus-ranae from two (reference and impacted) water bodies was carried out. The study revealed an increased level of lipid peroxidation products in the leaves of H. morsus-ranae under industrial impact, which indicates oxidative stress. Nevertheless, this floating plant demonstrated fairly high resistance to adverse conditions, due to the synthesis of non-enzymatic antioxidants such as proline and soluble protein thiols. Revealing the response of macrophytes to pollution of water bodies will help predict the state of aquatic ecosystems with an increase in anthropogenic pressureВодные экосистемы характеризуются высокой чувствительностью к техногенным нагрузкам, поэтому все более актуальным является изучение механизмов устойчивости гидробионтов к загрязнению водных объектов. Тяжелые металлы (ТМ) относятся к наиболее распространенным и токсичным поллютантам гидроэкосистем. Особенно сильное воздействие они оказывают на макрофиты, которые контактируют с водной средой и могут накапливать металлы в значительных количествах. Hydrocharis morsus-ranae L. относится к плавающим макрофитам (плейстофитам), обладающим высокой аккумулятивной способностью по отношению к ТМ. Цель исследования – оценка влияния техногенного загрязнения на редокс-реакции у H. morsus-ranae, а также выявление роли низкомолекулярных антиоксидантов в его адаптации к неблагоприятным условиям. Проведен сравнительный анализ физиолого-биохимических характеристик H. morsus-ranae из двух водных объектов (фон и импакт). Исследование определило повышенный уровень содержания продуктов перекисного окисления липидов в листьях H. morsus-ranae в условиях техногенного воздействия, что свидетельствует об окислительном стрессе. Тем не менее этот макрофит продемонстрировал достаточно высокую устойчивость к неблагоприятным условиям, что стало возможным благодаря синтезу таких неэнзиматических антиоксидантов, как пролин и растворимые белковые тиолы. Выявление ответных реакций макрофитов на загрязнение водных объектов будет способствовать прогнозированию состояния гидроценозов при усилении антропогенного прессинг