A technique of creating of ferroelectric regular domain structures using highly dissipative liquids at room temperature

The work was supported by RFBR (grant 19-07-00469)

Dissolved oxygen variability in the Southern Baltic Sea in 2013—2018

This paper discusses changes in the dissolved oxygen concentration (DOC) in the southern Baltic Sea. The oxygenation of the whole water column was estimated. Monthly mean DOCs, as well as a detailed description of the annual surface layer dissolved oxygen (DO) cycle, are presented. The DO cycle at the surface is characterized by two maxima in March/April and November, and by two minima in July/August and December. The DO decline time after the major Baltic inflow (MBI) in 2014 was estimated at about 10 months for the Bornholm Deep and Słupsk Furrow. Whereas the Bornholm Basin was relatively well oxygenated, low oxygen concentrations (<4 mg l−1) were measured in the deep layer of the Gdańsk Deep throughout the inflow period. In addition, the cod spermatozoa activation layer together with the neutral egg buoyancy layer for the Bornholm Basin and Słupsk Furrow are discussed on the basis of the measured DOCs and the variability in hydrographic conditions

TECHNIQUES FOR FORMATION OF FERROELECTRIC PHOTONIC AND PHONONIC CRYSTALS

Researches in the field of technology of creation of ferroelectric photonic and phononic crystals are analyzed. Features of formation of antiparallel ferroelectric domains are examined by various methods. The special attention is given to the industrially-focused techniques with small duration of a work cycle. Results of the works executed in Moscow Technological University are briefly described. The algorithm for calculating the technological parameters of domain structure formation by the acoustic-interference method is developed. The basic parameters of c-axis-oriented PZT films grown on metallic substrates are estimated. It is shown that the use of the acoustic-interference method allows one to form regular domain structures in PZT films with record-breaking short work cycle duration . The conditions for forming regular domain structures by the double-pulse heterothermal technique are established with regard to new data on heat transfer in films

On the possibility of convective overturning in the Slupsk Furrow overflow of the Baltic Sea

Closely spaced CTD transects across the Słupsk Furrow displayed a ‘downward- bending’ of salinity contours below the salinity interface on the southern flank due to a transverse circulation in the saline water overflow. Numerical simulation of a gravity current in an idealized channel with geometry, dimensions and initial density stratification all much the same as in the Słupsk Furrow was applied to verify whether the downward-bending could be transformed into an inverted density stratification. Some arguments in favour of the possibility of convective overturning due to the differential transverse advection beneath the gravity current, brought on by the numerical simulations, are discussed

Europe

The foregoing conclusions are broadly consistent with those expressed in the IPCC Special Report on Regional Impacts of Climate Change (1998) and the Second Assessment Report(1996). This survey incorporates much more information than previously reported, corroborating previous conclusions (with which it is broadly consistent) but extending knowledge into other sectors. It is more specific about subregional effects and includes new information concerning adaptive capacity