Methodological strategies of humanitarian research and expertise: assessment of socio-cultural risks

This paper deals with the modern methodological strategies of humanitarian researches in the context of practical use of modern science. The authors give the idea that the methodology requires tools of cultural and historical epistemology, with the help of which the scientific community could examine socio-cultural risks arising from applied researche

ФОТОГРАФИЯ В ИСТОРИКО-ФИЛОСОФСКОМ ИССЛЕДОВАНИИ (ГЕРМЕНЕВТИЧЕСКИЕ СМЫСЛЫ)

The article comprehends the importance of photography for historical-philosophical research. The author draws on the cultural and historical experience of working with photographs in the series "Russian Philosophy of the first half of the 20th century" (32 volumes were published). The problem of reality captured in photography comes to the fore in historical and philosophical research. Philosophers of the twentieth century question the reliability of the photographic image; historians of philosophy admit the existence of reality, which is depicted in the photograph, since they are dealing not only with the images presented in the photo but also with the matter of photography. It is shown that photography expands historical-philosophical research scope, introducing an existential component into it.В статье осмысливается значение фотографии для историко-философского исследования. Автор опирается на культурно-исторический опыт работы с фотографиями в рамках серии «Философия России первой половины ХХ века» (вышло 32 тома). На первый план в историко-философском исследовании выходит проблема реальности, запечатленной на фотографии. Философы ХХ века ставят под вопрос достоверность фотоизображения, историки философии допускают существование реальности, которая изображается на снимке, поскольку имеют дело не только с образами, представленными на фото, но и с материей фотографии. Показано, что фотография расширяет рамки историко-философского исследования, внося в него экзистенциальную составляющую

The Archive of University Science as the Core of Research Education in Russia: the Motivational Potential of Social Software

Social Software as a special kind of organization of goal-oriented joint activity is considered in the present article in the context of cultural-historical epistemology, which is based on the understanding of knowledge as a sign-semiotic, historical phenomenon. This approach, according  to  the  authors,  makes  it  possible  to  reveal  in  a  new  way  the  educational  and  pedagogical  potential  of  social  software,  which  today  attracts  the  attention,  first  of  all,  of  sociologists,  political scientists, and economists, who only partially touch upon its cognitive parameters. Meanwhile, appeal to the epistemological dimension of social software allows us to emphasize characteristics that significantly expand the scope of its application, and in particular, the characteristics that open up an additional opportunity to quite effectively motivate students for self-education, for an inherently creative understanding of knowledge as a sociocultural value. The “motivational” potential of social software today is acquiring a particularly important role in the educational structures of “research education”. In such structures, step-by-step software opens up for the student, on the one hand, a sequence of operations that lead research to knowledge as the goal of education, and on the other hand, it dramatically changes in the eyes of students the process of assimilation of information determined by the curriculum, since it involves participation in its “creation”. At the same time, the presence of a social dimension in the software gives cultural and historical meaning to the sequence of students’ efforts, which opens up additional opportunities for motivating their activity through an appeal to the cultural and historical status of the scientific activity within which this knowledge was firstly created. The article demonstrates the experience of implementing one of these opportunities to additionally stimulate the attitude towards self-education through the introduction of philosophy faculties students to archival research of university science in Russia

Fragmentation of relativistic nuclei in peripheral interactions in nuclear track emulsion

The technique of nuclear track emulsions is used to explore the fragmentation of light relativistic nuclei down to the most peripheral interactions - nuclear "white" stars. A complete pattern of therelativistic dissociation of a $^8$B nucleus with target fragment accompaniment is presented. Relativistic dissociation $^{9}$Be$\to2\alpha$ is explored using significant statistics and a relative contribution of $^{8}$Be decays from 0$^+$ and 2$^+$ states is established. Target fragment accompaniments are shown for relativistic fragmentation $^{14}$N$\to$3He+H and $^{22}$Ne$\to$5He. The leading role of the electromagnetic dissociation on heavy nuclei with respect to break-ups on target protons is demonstrated in all these cases. It is possible to conclude that the peripheral dissociation of relativistic nuclei in nuclear track emulsion is a unique tool to study many-body systems composed of lightest nuclei and nucleons in the energy scale relevant for nuclear astrophysics.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures, 4 tables, conference: Relativistic nuclear physics: from Nuclotron to LHC energies, Kiev, June 18-22, 200

Special features of the 9^9Be→\to2He fragmentation in emulsion at an energy of 1.2~A~GeV

The results of investigations of the relativistic $^9$Be nucleus fragmentation in emulsion which entails the production of two He fragments of an energy of 1.2~A~GeV are presented. The results of the angular measurements of the $^9$Be$\to$2He events are analyzed. The $^9$Be$\to^8$Be+n fragmentation channel involving the $^8$Be decay from the ground (0$^+$) and the first excited (2$^+$) states to two $\alpha$ particles is observed to be predominant.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures, conference: Conference on Physics of Fundamental Interactions, Moscow, Russia, 5-9 Dec 2005 (Author's translation

Electromagnetic dissociation of relativistic 8^8B nuclei in nuclear track emulsion

Experimental data on fragmentation channels in peripheral interactions of $^8$B nuclei in nuclear track emulsions are presented. A detailed analysis made it possible to justify selections of events of the electromagnetic-dissociation process $^8$B $\to^7$Be + \emph{p} and to estimate its cross section. Events of $^{10}$C peripheral dissociation that were observed in the same exposure are described.Comment: 12 pages, 10 figures, 4 tables, Published in Phys.Atom.Nucl.72:690-701,200

Clustering in light nuclei in fragmentation above 1 A GeV

The relativistic invariant approach is applied to analyzing the 3.3 A GeV $^{22}$Ne fragmentation in a nuclear track emulsion. New results on few-body dissociations have been obtained from the emulsion exposures to 2.1 A GeV $^{14}$N and 1.2 A GeV $^{9}$Be nuclei. It can be asserted that the use of the invariant approach is an effective means of obtaining conclusions about the behavior of systems involving a few He nuclei at a relative energy close to 1 MeV per nucleon. The first observations of fragmentation of 1.2 A GeV $^{8}$B and $^{9}$C nuclei in emulsion are described. The presented results allow one to justify the development of few-body aspects of nuclear astrophysics.Comment: 7 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables, Nuclear Physics in Astrophysics-2, 16-20 May, 2005 (ATOMKI), Debrecen, Hungar

Exposure of Nuclear Track Emulsion to a Mixed Beam of Relativistic 12^{12}N, 10^{10}C, and 7^7Be Nuclei

A nuclear track emulsion was exposed to a mixed beam of relativistic $^{12}$N, $^{10}$C, and $^7$Be nuclei having a momentum of 2 GeV/$c$ per nucleon. The beam was formed upon charge exchange processes involving $^{12}$C primary nuclei and their fragmentation. An analysis indicates that $^{10}$C nuclei are dominant in the beam and that $^{12}$N nuclei are present in it. The charge topology of relativistic fragments in the coherent dissociation of these nuclei is presented.Comment: ISSN 1063-7788, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 201