The impact of increased physical exertion on the state of adrenal cortex and pubertal development in boys

© 2014, Pleiades Publishing, Inc. The study of the functional state of the adrenal cortex (AC) in young athletes aged 11 to 15 years, which was assessed by daily free (Cf) and bound (Cb) cortisol excretion levels, and the comparison of these levels with those of the boys from the control group made it possible to conclude that the increased physical exertion in the form of regular athletic training had a dominating effect on the age-related changes in the AC and pubertal development in the young athletes. It was found that the 12- to 14-year-old athletes had stably high Cf excretion levels, which were significantly decreased by the age of 15 years on the background of high Cb levels, as compared to the nonathletes, whose urinary cortisol levels were significantly lower (p < 0.05) and were progressively increased (p < 0.05) from 13 to 15 years of age. It was found that pubertal development (the development of secondary sex characteristics) was relatively delayed in the athletes, and pubertal changes in the glucocorticoid function of the AC reflected mainly its adaptive responses providing the increased resistance of the child’s body to increased physical exertion

Evaluation of sympathoadrenal system and adrenal cortex functional activity among children in the age and sexaspects

© 2016, International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. All rights reserved.The study of relationship between sympathetic-adrenal and pituitary-adrenal systems at the level of the whole organism in ontogenesis is a little-studied problem which has a general biological significance. A comprehensive study of regulatory system functional state of modern schoolchildren will expand the understanding of the neuroendocrine mechanisms of their age development and puberty, which is very important for the scientific foundation of the health care system among younger generation. The aim of research was a comprehensive study of the age and sex characteristics of the sympathetic-adrenal system and the adrenal cortex, the ratio of their functional activity among 10-15 year old boys and girls. The observation among children lasted for 6 years continuously. The content of adrenaline and noradrenaline in daily urine based on fluorimetric method showed the state of the sympathetic-adrenal system. The functional status of the adrenal cortex was assessed by urinary excretion of 17- ketosteroids and 17-oxycorticosteroids using a colorimetric method based on Zimmermann reaction with mdinitrobenzene and and by the reaction with phenylhydrazine after enzymatic hydrolysis (Silber's and Porter's method). The statistical significance of differences was determined by Student's t-criterion. It was shown that the daily excretion of adrenaline varies slightly among the children of both sexes, while the dynamics of norepinephrine is more pronounced and oscillatory in nature, which is consistent with the concept of chromaffin tissue earlier maturation relative to sympathetic innervation in ontogenesis. At the same time they revealed multidirectional changes in the excretion of 17-ketosteroids and 17-oxycorticosteroids among 11-13 year old boys, reflecting the biological antagonism of androgens and glucocorticoids, which have protein-anabolic and catabolic effects on a body. A certain synchronicity was established in the manifestation of the mediator link functional activity of the sympathetic-adrenal system, androgen and glucocorticoid function of the adrenal cortex, which is manifested heterochronically in sex groups among 10- 12 year old girls, and 14-15 year old boys. This confirms the literature data on the presence of close functional relationship between catecholamines and corticosteroids at different levels of neurohumoral regulatory mechanism and shows the features of adaptive reactions of children during prepubertal and pubertal development

Reaction of the adrenal cortex to graded exercise in children with different initial tonus of the autonomic nervous system

It was found that the response of the adrenal cortex to graded bicycle exercise in children depends on the initial autonomic tonus and is adequate to the background excretion level of hormone metabolites. Seven-year-old sympathotonic girls with increased excretion of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids at rest demonstrated the lowest increase in this parameter after exercise in comparison with more pronounced increment in vagotonics with relative low initial level of glucocorticoid metabolites. Enhanced excretion of glucocorticoid metabolites with a decrease in androgens observed in 9-year-old sympathotonic girls attests to predominance of catabolic processes over anabolic ones and low efficiency of switching from muscle exercise to recovery in children. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York

The impact of increased physical exertion on the state of adrenal cortex and pubertal development in boys

© 2014, Pleiades Publishing, Inc. The study of the functional state of the adrenal cortex (AC) in young athletes aged 11 to 15 years, which was assessed by daily free (Cf) and bound (Cb) cortisol excretion levels, and the comparison of these levels with those of the boys from the control group made it possible to conclude that the increased physical exertion in the form of regular athletic training had a dominating effect on the age-related changes in the AC and pubertal development in the young athletes. It was found that the 12- to 14-year-old athletes had stably high Cf excretion levels, which were significantly decreased by the age of 15 years on the background of high Cb levels, as compared to the nonathletes, whose urinary cortisol levels were significantly lower (p < 0.05) and were progressively increased (p < 0.05) from 13 to 15 years of age. It was found that pubertal development (the development of secondary sex characteristics) was relatively delayed in the athletes, and pubertal changes in the glucocorticoid function of the AC reflected mainly its adaptive responses providing the increased resistance of the child’s body to increased physical exertion

The impact of increased physical exertion on the state of adrenal cortex and pubertal development in boys

© 2014, Pleiades Publishing, Inc. The study of the functional state of the adrenal cortex (AC) in young athletes aged 11 to 15 years, which was assessed by daily free (Cf) and bound (Cb) cortisol excretion levels, and the comparison of these levels with those of the boys from the control group made it possible to conclude that the increased physical exertion in the form of regular athletic training had a dominating effect on the age-related changes in the AC and pubertal development in the young athletes. It was found that the 12- to 14-year-old athletes had stably high Cf excretion levels, which were significantly decreased by the age of 15 years on the background of high Cb levels, as compared to the nonathletes, whose urinary cortisol levels were significantly lower (p < 0.05) and were progressively increased (p < 0.05) from 13 to 15 years of age. It was found that pubertal development (the development of secondary sex characteristics) was relatively delayed in the athletes, and pubertal changes in the glucocorticoid function of the AC reflected mainly its adaptive responses providing the increased resistance of the child’s body to increased physical exertion

Reaction of the adrenal cortex to graded exercise in children with different initial tonus of the autonomic nervous system

It was found that the response of the adrenal cortex to graded bicycle exercise in children depends on the initial autonomic tonus and is adequate to the background excretion level of hormone metabolites. Seven-year-old sympathotonic girls with increased excretion of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids at rest demonstrated the lowest increase in this parameter after exercise in comparison with more pronounced increment in vagotonics with relative low initial level of glucocorticoid metabolites. Enhanced excretion of glucocorticoid metabolites with a decrease in androgens observed in 9-year-old sympathotonic girls attests to predominance of catabolic processes over anabolic ones and low efficiency of switching from muscle exercise to recovery in children. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York

Evaluation of sympathoadrenal system and adrenal cortex functional activity among children in the age and sexaspects

© 2016, International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. All rights reserved.The study of relationship between sympathetic-adrenal and pituitary-adrenal systems at the level of the whole organism in ontogenesis is a little-studied problem which has a general biological significance. A comprehensive study of regulatory system functional state of modern schoolchildren will expand the understanding of the neuroendocrine mechanisms of their age development and puberty, which is very important for the scientific foundation of the health care system among younger generation. The aim of research was a comprehensive study of the age and sex characteristics of the sympathetic-adrenal system and the adrenal cortex, the ratio of their functional activity among 10-15 year old boys and girls. The observation among children lasted for 6 years continuously. The content of adrenaline and noradrenaline in daily urine based on fluorimetric method showed the state of the sympathetic-adrenal system. The functional status of the adrenal cortex was assessed by urinary excretion of 17- ketosteroids and 17-oxycorticosteroids using a colorimetric method based on Zimmermann reaction with mdinitrobenzene and and by the reaction with phenylhydrazine after enzymatic hydrolysis (Silber's and Porter's method). The statistical significance of differences was determined by Student's t-criterion. It was shown that the daily excretion of adrenaline varies slightly among the children of both sexes, while the dynamics of norepinephrine is more pronounced and oscillatory in nature, which is consistent with the concept of chromaffin tissue earlier maturation relative to sympathetic innervation in ontogenesis. At the same time they revealed multidirectional changes in the excretion of 17-ketosteroids and 17-oxycorticosteroids among 11-13 year old boys, reflecting the biological antagonism of androgens and glucocorticoids, which have protein-anabolic and catabolic effects on a body. A certain synchronicity was established in the manifestation of the mediator link functional activity of the sympathetic-adrenal system, androgen and glucocorticoid function of the adrenal cortex, which is manifested heterochronically in sex groups among 10- 12 year old girls, and 14-15 year old boys. This confirms the literature data on the presence of close functional relationship between catecholamines and corticosteroids at different levels of neurohumoral regulatory mechanism and shows the features of adaptive reactions of children during prepubertal and pubertal development

Evaluation of sympathoadrenal system and adrenal cortex functional activity among children in the age and sexaspects

© 2016, International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. All rights reserved.The study of relationship between sympathetic-adrenal and pituitary-adrenal systems at the level of the whole organism in ontogenesis is a little-studied problem which has a general biological significance. A comprehensive study of regulatory system functional state of modern schoolchildren will expand the understanding of the neuroendocrine mechanisms of their age development and puberty, which is very important for the scientific foundation of the health care system among younger generation. The aim of research was a comprehensive study of the age and sex characteristics of the sympathetic-adrenal system and the adrenal cortex, the ratio of their functional activity among 10-15 year old boys and girls. The observation among children lasted for 6 years continuously. The content of adrenaline and noradrenaline in daily urine based on fluorimetric method showed the state of the sympathetic-adrenal system. The functional status of the adrenal cortex was assessed by urinary excretion of 17- ketosteroids and 17-oxycorticosteroids using a colorimetric method based on Zimmermann reaction with mdinitrobenzene and and by the reaction with phenylhydrazine after enzymatic hydrolysis (Silber's and Porter's method). The statistical significance of differences was determined by Student's t-criterion. It was shown that the daily excretion of adrenaline varies slightly among the children of both sexes, while the dynamics of norepinephrine is more pronounced and oscillatory in nature, which is consistent with the concept of chromaffin tissue earlier maturation relative to sympathetic innervation in ontogenesis. At the same time they revealed multidirectional changes in the excretion of 17-ketosteroids and 17-oxycorticosteroids among 11-13 year old boys, reflecting the biological antagonism of androgens and glucocorticoids, which have protein-anabolic and catabolic effects on a body. A certain synchronicity was established in the manifestation of the mediator link functional activity of the sympathetic-adrenal system, androgen and glucocorticoid function of the adrenal cortex, which is manifested heterochronically in sex groups among 10- 12 year old girls, and 14-15 year old boys. This confirms the literature data on the presence of close functional relationship between catecholamines and corticosteroids at different levels of neurohumoral regulatory mechanism and shows the features of adaptive reactions of children during prepubertal and pubertal development

Reaction of the adrenal cortex to graded exercise in children with different initial tonus of the autonomic nervous system

It was found that the response of the adrenal cortex to graded bicycle exercise in children depends on the initial autonomic tonus and is adequate to the background excretion level of hormone metabolites. Seven-year-old sympathotonic girls with increased excretion of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids at rest demonstrated the lowest increase in this parameter after exercise in comparison with more pronounced increment in vagotonics with relative low initial level of glucocorticoid metabolites. Enhanced excretion of glucocorticoid metabolites with a decrease in androgens observed in 9-year-old sympathotonic girls attests to predominance of catabolic processes over anabolic ones and low efficiency of switching from muscle exercise to recovery in children. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York

Evaluation of sympathoadrenal system and adrenal cortex functional activity among children in the age and sexaspects

© 2016, International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. All rights reserved.The study of relationship between sympathetic-adrenal and pituitary-adrenal systems at the level of the whole organism in ontogenesis is a little-studied problem which has a general biological significance. A comprehensive study of regulatory system functional state of modern schoolchildren will expand the understanding of the neuroendocrine mechanisms of their age development and puberty, which is very important for the scientific foundation of the health care system among younger generation. The aim of research was a comprehensive study of the age and sex characteristics of the sympathetic-adrenal system and the adrenal cortex, the ratio of their functional activity among 10-15 year old boys and girls. The observation among children lasted for 6 years continuously. The content of adrenaline and noradrenaline in daily urine based on fluorimetric method showed the state of the sympathetic-adrenal system. The functional status of the adrenal cortex was assessed by urinary excretion of 17- ketosteroids and 17-oxycorticosteroids using a colorimetric method based on Zimmermann reaction with mdinitrobenzene and and by the reaction with phenylhydrazine after enzymatic hydrolysis (Silber's and Porter's method). The statistical significance of differences was determined by Student's t-criterion. It was shown that the daily excretion of adrenaline varies slightly among the children of both sexes, while the dynamics of norepinephrine is more pronounced and oscillatory in nature, which is consistent with the concept of chromaffin tissue earlier maturation relative to sympathetic innervation in ontogenesis. At the same time they revealed multidirectional changes in the excretion of 17-ketosteroids and 17-oxycorticosteroids among 11-13 year old boys, reflecting the biological antagonism of androgens and glucocorticoids, which have protein-anabolic and catabolic effects on a body. A certain synchronicity was established in the manifestation of the mediator link functional activity of the sympathetic-adrenal system, androgen and glucocorticoid function of the adrenal cortex, which is manifested heterochronically in sex groups among 10- 12 year old girls, and 14-15 year old boys. This confirms the literature data on the presence of close functional relationship between catecholamines and corticosteroids at different levels of neurohumoral regulatory mechanism and shows the features of adaptive reactions of children during prepubertal and pubertal development