47,955 research outputs found
'If you’re a teacher, you’re a failed musician’: exploring hegemony in a UK conservatoire
Conservatoires offer intensive musical training with an emphasis on preparation for careers in performance. In contrast, instrumental teaching is often perceived as a second-class profession or a ‘fall-back career’ (Bennett, 2012). A pilot study undertaken at a UK conservatoire enabled a group of three final-year undergraduate music students to reflect on their personal learning trajectories via a questionnaire and a focus-group discussion. Taking into account their musical backgrounds and social influences, both prior to, and throughout, their conservatoire training, participants revealed hegemonic attitudes around teaching as a potential career path that were culturally informed, but which appeared to evolve over time. The emerging themes – aspiration/prejudice, exploration/uncertainty and transformation/passion – are considered together with Bourdieu’s interrelated theoretical concepts (habitus, capital and field), forming a developmental model
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SFF-Oriented Modeling and Process Planning of Functionally Graded Materials Using a Novel Equal Distance Offset Approach
This paper deals with the modeling and process planning of solid freeform fabrication
(SFF) of 3D functionally graded materials (FGMs). A novel approach of representation and
process planning of FGMs, termed as equal distance offset (EDO), is developed. In EDO, a
neutral arbitrary 3D CAD model is adaptively sliced into a series of 2D layers. Within each
layer, 2D material gradients are designed and represented via dividing the 2D shape into
several sub-regions enclosed by iso-composition contours. If needed, the material
composition gradient within each of sub-regions can be further determined by applying the
equal distance offset algorithm to each sub-region. Using this approach, an arbitrary-shaped
3D FGM object with linear or non-linear composition gradients can be represented and
fabricated via suitable SFF machines.Mechanical Engineerin
Tackling socially determined dental inequalities: ethical aspects of Childsmile, the national child oral health demonstration programme in Scotland
Many ethical issues are posed by public health interventions, including whether they ought to be aimed at improving health across society or reducing specific health inequalities, whether they should be targeted or universal and the issue of which targeting criteria ought to be used. Although abstract theorising about these issues can be useful, it is the application of ethical theory to real cases which will ultimately be of benefit in decision-making.
To this end, this paper will analyse the ethical issues involved in Childsmile, a national oral health demonstration programme in Scotland that aims to improve the oral health of the nation’s children and reduce dental inequalities through a combination of targeted and universal interventions. With Scotland’s level of dental caries among the worst in the Western world, Childsmile represents perhaps the largest programme of work aimed at combating oral health inequalities in the UK. The areas of ethical interest include several contrasting themes: reducing health inequalities and improving health; universal and targeted interventions; political values and evidence base; prevention and treatment; and underlying all of these, justice and utility
Early-life-history profiles, seasonal abundance, and distribution of four species of Clupeid larvae from the northern Gulf of Mexico, 1982 and 1983
We present data on ichthyoplankton distribution, abundance,
and seasonality and supporting environmental information for
four species of coastal pelagics from the family Clupeidae: round herring Etrumeus teres, scaled sardine Harengula jaguana, Atlantic thread herring Opisthonema oglinum, and Spanish sardine Sardinella aurita. Data are from 1982 and 1983 cruises across the northern Gulf of Mexico sponsored by the Southeastern Area Monitoring and Assessment Program (SEAMAP). This is the first such examination for these species on a multiyear and gulfwide scale. Bioproflles on reproductive biology, early life history, meristics, adult distribution, and fisheries characteristics are also presented for these species.
During the summer, larval Atlantic thread herring and scaled
and Spanish sardines were abundant on the inner shelf <40 m
depth), but were rare or absent in deeper waters. Scaled sardine and thread herring were found virtually everywhere inner-shelf waters were sampled, but Spanish sardines were rare in the north-central Gulf. During 1982, larval Atlantic thread herring were the most abundant of the four target c1upeid species, whereas Spanish sardine were the most abundant during 1983. On the west Florida shelf, Spanish sardine dominated larval c1upeid populations both years. Scaled sardine larvae were the least abundant of the four species both years, but were still captured in 25% of inner-shelf bongo net collections. Round herring larvae, collected February-early June (primarily March-April), were abundant on the outer shelf (40-182 m depth) and especially off Louisiana. Over the 2-year period, outer-shelf mean abundance for round herring was 40.2 larvae/10 m2; inner-shelf mean abundances for scaled sardine, Atlantic thread herring, and Spanish sardine were 14.9, 39.2, and 41.9 larvae/l0 m2, respectively. (PDF file contains 66 pages.
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Preparation and Properties of In-Situ Devices Using the SALD and SALDVI Techniques
One of the many advantages of Selective Area Laser Deposition (SALD) and Selective
Area Laser Deposition Vapor Infiltration (SALDVI) is that they can be used to embed in-situ
micro-sensors within macro-components. A single-point SiC/C thermocouple sensor embedded
within a SiC macro-component and electrically insulated with silicon nitride layers has been
demonstrated. In many applications, multi-point sensors within a single component are needed,
e.g., in monitoring the temperature gradient and distribution at different positions. In this paper,
multi-point thermocouple devices are demonstrated. The macro-component is a SiC bulk shape
made by infiltrating vapor deposited silicon carbide into a silicon carbide powder bed using the
SALDVI technique. Multiple SiC/C thermocouples are embedded in-situ in the SiC bulk shape
using the SALD technique. The transient and steady state responses ofthe embedded
thermocouples are compared to reference thermocouples probing the surfaces of the bulk shape.Mechanical Engineerin
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The experiences of medical students and junior doctors with dyslexia: a survey study
Little research exists concerning dyslexia in medical education. A qualitative study highlighted issues such as bullying and a lack of support. This project aimed to quantify those findings. An online survey was sent to junior doctors in parts of the United Kingdom. Seventy-five participated. Most (53%) were diagnosed with dyslexia at university / medical school. Most reported that dyslexia impacted upon their self-image (59%) and self-esteem (73%). Nearly half (46%) felt it influenced their career pathway choices within medicine. Participants reported bullying at medical school-from peers (24%), from academic teachers (14%), and from clinical teachers (27%); and also at work-from peers (25%), from academic teachers (13%), and from clinical teachers (23%). 88% reported that foundation schools provided no support, 92% that NHS Trusts provided none, and 90% that their deaneries provided none. The sorts of supports which seemed to be lacking were "psychological" or "pastoral" supports
A Multi-coloured survey of NGC 253 with XMM-Newton
There is a large body of work that has used the excellent Chandra
observations of nearby galaxies with neglible low mass X-ray binary (LMXB)
populations. This has culminated in a ``Universal'' X-ray luminosity function
(XLF) for high mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs). However, a number of methods have
been used to convert from source intensities to luminosities when creating
these XLFs. We have taken advantage of the XMM-Newton observations of the
nearby starbursting spiral galaxy NGC 253 to test some of these methods. We
find the luminosities derived from these various methods to vary by a factor of
3. We also find the most influential factor in the conversion from
intensity to luminosity to be the absorption. We therefore conclude that a more
consistent approach is required for determining the true Universal XLF for
HMXBs. Ideally, this would involve individual spectral fitting of each X-ray
source. Certainly, the line-of-sight absorption should be determined from the
observations rather than assuming Galactic absorption. We find the best
approach for obtaining an XLF from low-count data to be the splitting of the
X-ray sources into two or more intensity intervals, and obtaining a conversion
from intensity to flux for each group from spectral modelling of the summed
spectrum of that group.Comment: To appear in the proceedings of "X-rays from Nearby Galaxies", 4-7
Septembeer 2007, 4 page
Parameters of CO2 bands near 3.6 microns
The intensities, widths, and positions of lines of three CO2 bands near 2750/cm were determined. The results are in general agreement with other measured and estimated values
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