210 research outputs found
Observed fearlessness and positive parenting interact to predict childhood callous‐unemotional behaviors among low‐income boys
Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/136269/1/jcpp12666.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/136269/2/jcpp12666_am.pd
Deviancy and Normative Training Processes in Experimental Groups of Delinquent and Nondelinquent Male Adolescents
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/96268/1/ab21456.pd
Intimate partner violence exposure predicts antisocial behavior via pro‐violence attitudes among males with elevated levels of cortisol
The present study tested whether attitudes toward violence mediate the association between intimate partner violence exposure and antisocial behavior across adolescence, and whether cortisol level moderates these pathways in an ethnically diverse sample of 190 boys from low‐income, urban families. Results suggest that a pathway from intimate partner violence exposure at age 12 to antisocial behavior at age 17 is explained by pro‐violence attitudes at age 15. Boys with greater exposure to intimate partner violence endorsed stronger pro‐violence attitudes, which predicted increases in antisocial behavior. Further, the pro‐violence attitudes to antisocial behavior pathway were stronger among boys with heightened versus dampened cortisol levels. Results suggest that violent attitudes are important for understanding the cognitive underpinnings of antisocial behavior following intimate partner violence exposure, particularly in youth with high cortisol levels. Implications for prevention and intervention are discussed with respect to targeting malleable child behavior linked to later antisocial behavior.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146367/1/sode12313.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146367/2/sode12313_am.pd
Deflections from adolescent trajectories of antisocial behavior: contextual and neural moderators of antisocial behavior stability into emerging adulthood
Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146467/1/jcpp12931_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146467/2/jcpp12931.pd
Examining the Factor Structure of the Self-Report of Psychopathy Short-Form Across Four Young Adult Samples
Psychopathy refers to a range of complex behaviors and personality traits, including callousness and antisocial behavior,
typically studied in criminal populations. Recent studies have used self-reports to examine psychopathic traits among
noncriminal samples. The goal of the current study was to examine the underlying factor structure of the Self-Report
of Psychopathy Scale–Short Form (SRP-SF) across complementary samples and examine the impact of gender on factor
structure. We examined the structure of the SRP-SF among 2,554 young adults from three undergraduate samples and a
high-risk young adult sample. Using confirmatory factor analysis, a four-correlated factor model and a four-bifactor model
showed good fit to the data. Evidence of weak invariance was found for both models across gender. These findings highlight
that the SRP-SF is a useful measure of low-level psychopathic traits in noncriminal samples, although the underlying factor
structure may not fully translate across men and women
Toward an Understanding of the Role of the Environment in the Development of Early Callous Behavior
Key to understanding the long‐term impact of social inequalities is identifying early behaviors that may signal higher risk for later poor psychosocial outcomes, such as psychopathology. A set of early‐emerging characteristics that may signal risk for later externalizing psychopathology is callous‐unemotional (CU) behavior. CU behavior predicts severe and chronic trajectories of externalizing behaviors in youth. However, much research on CU behavior has focused on late childhood and adolescence, with little attention paid to early childhood when preventative interventions may be most effective. In this article, we summarize our recent work showing that (a) CU behavior can be identified in early childhood using items from common behavior checklists, (b) CU behavior predicts worse outcomes across early childhood, (c) CU behavior exhibits a nomological network distinct from other early externalizing behaviors, and (d) malleable environmental factors, particularly parenting, may play a role in the development of early CU behaviors. We discuss the challenges of studying contextual contributors to the development of CU behavior in terms of gene–environment correlations and present initial results from work examining CU behavior in an adoption study in which gene–environment correlations are examined in early childhood. We find that parenting is a predictor of early CU behavior even in a sample in which parents are not genetically related to the children.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/136006/1/jopy12221_am.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/136006/2/jopy12221.pd
Commentary: Childhood conduct problems are a public health crisis and require resources: a commentary on Rivenbark et al. ()
Black and white 8x10 Acetate Negativehttps://digitalmaine.com/arc_george_french_photos_a810/2202/thumbnail.jp
Chapter nine: Understanding Declines in Rusty Blackbirds
The Rusty Blackbird (Euphagus carolinus), a formerly common breeding species of boreal wetlands, has exhibited the most marked decline of any North American landbird. North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) trends in abundance are estimated to be ‒12.5%/yr. over the last 40 years, which is tantamount to a \u3e95% cumulative decline. Trends in abundance calculated from Christmas Bird Counts (CBC) for a similar period indicate a range-wide decline of ‒5.6%/yr. Qualitative analyses of ornithological accounts suggest the species has been declining for over a century. Several studies document range retraction in the southern boreal forest, whereas limited data suggest that abundance may be more stable in more northerly areas. The major hypotheses for the decline include degradation of boreal habitats from logging and agricultural development, mercury contamination, and wetland desiccation resulting from global warming. Other likely reasons for decline include loss or degradation of wooded wetlands of the southeastern U.S and mortality associated with abatement efforts targeting nuisance blackbirds. In addition, the patchy breeding distribution of this species may inhibit population consolidation, causing local populations to crash when reduced to low levels. Progress in understanding the causes and mechanisms for observed declines has remained limited until recently. Here we present initial attempts to understand the habitat requirements of Rusty Blackbirds and offer specific predictions associated with each of the hypotheses for decline as a way of guiding future research
Upgrade of the MARI spectrometer at ISIS
The MARI direct geometry time-of-flight neutron spectrometer at ISIS has been
upgraded with an supermirror guide and new detector electronics. This has
resulted in a flux gain of at {\AA}, and
improvements on discriminating electrical noise, allowing MARI to continue to
deliver a high quality science program well into its fourth decade of life
The Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment: Exploring Fundamental Symmetries of the Universe
The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early Universe, the
dynamics of the supernova bursts that produced the heavy elements necessary for
life and whether protons eventually decay --- these mysteries at the forefront
of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early
evolution of our Universe, its current state and its eventual fate. The
Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE) represents an extensively developed
plan for a world-class experiment dedicated to addressing these questions. LBNE
is conceived around three central components: (1) a new, high-intensity
neutrino source generated from a megawatt-class proton accelerator at Fermi
National Accelerator Laboratory, (2) a near neutrino detector just downstream
of the source, and (3) a massive liquid argon time-projection chamber deployed
as a far detector deep underground at the Sanford Underground Research
Facility. This facility, located at the site of the former Homestake Mine in
Lead, South Dakota, is approximately 1,300 km from the neutrino source at
Fermilab -- a distance (baseline) that delivers optimal sensitivity to neutrino
charge-parity symmetry violation and mass ordering effects. This ambitious yet
cost-effective design incorporates scalability and flexibility and can
accommodate a variety of upgrades and contributions. With its exceptional
combination of experimental configuration, technical capabilities, and
potential for transformative discoveries, LBNE promises to be a vital facility
for the field of particle physics worldwide, providing physicists from around
the globe with opportunities to collaborate in a twenty to thirty year program
of exciting science. In this document we provide a comprehensive overview of
LBNE's scientific objectives, its place in the landscape of neutrino physics
worldwide, the technologies it will incorporate and the capabilities it will
possess.Comment: Major update of previous version. This is the reference document for
LBNE science program and current status. Chapters 1, 3, and 9 provide a
comprehensive overview of LBNE's scientific objectives, its place in the
landscape of neutrino physics worldwide, the technologies it will incorporate
and the capabilities it will possess. 288 pages, 116 figure
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