15 research outputs found
Financial Innovation for an Aging World
Over the last half-century, around the world, many nations have seen plummeting fertility rates and mounting life expectancies. These two factors are the engine behind unprecedented global aging. In this paper, we explore how the demographic transition may influence financial markets and, in turn, how financial market innovation might help resolve concerns flowing from global aging trends. We first provide context by reviewing the economics, finance, and insurance-related literature on how global aging patterns may influence capital markets. We then turn to insurance markets, and discuss a range of products and policies, including both retail and wholesale financial offerings for various forms of life annuities, long-term care benefits, reverse mortgages, securitization of longevity risk, inflation-protected assets, reinsurance, guarantees, derivative contracts on residential property price indices, mortality swaps and longevity derivative contracts. We also indicate how new public-private partnerships might be beneficial in enhancing the future environment for old-age risk management.
Financial Innovation for an Aging World
Over the last half-century, around the world, many nations have seen plummeting fertility rates and mounting life expectancies. These two factors are the engine behind unprecedented global aging. In this paper, we explore how the demographic transition may influence financial markets and, in turn, how financial market innovation might help resolve concerns flowing from global aging trends. We first provide context by reviewing the economics, finance, and insurancerelated literature on how global aging patterns may influence capital markets. We then turn to insurance markets, and discuss a range of products and policies, including both retail and wholesale financial offerings for various forms of life annuities, long-term care benefits, reverse mortgages, securitization of longevity risk, inflation-protected assets, reinsurance, guarantees, derivative contracts on residential property price indices, mortality swaps and longevity derivative contracts. We also indicate how new public-private partnerships might be beneficial in enhancing the future environment for old-age risk management
Aging Population, Pension Funds, and Financial Markets: Regional Perspectives and Global Challenges for Central, Eastern, and Southern Europe. Robert Holzmann, ed. The World Bank, ISBN 978-0-821-37732-1, 184 pages.
Aging Population, Pension Funds, and Financial Markets: Regional Perspectives and Global Challenges for Central, Eastern, and Southern Europe. Robert Holzmann, ed. The World Bank, ISBN 978-0-821-37732-1, 184 pages.
Automated AFM force curve analysis for determining elastic modulus of biomaterials and biological samples
The analysis of atomic force microscopy (AFM) force data requires the selection of a contact point (CP) and is often time consuming and subjective due to influence from intermolecular forces and low signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). In this report, we present an automated algorithm for the selection of CPs in AFM force data and the evaluation of elastic moduli. We propose that CP may be algorithmically easier to detect by identifying a linear elastic indentation region of data (high SNR) rather than the contact point itself (low SNR). Utilizing Hertzian mechanics, the data are fitted for the CP. We first detail the algorithm and then evaluate it on sample polymeric and biological materials. As a demonstration of automation, 64 Ă— 64 force maps were analyzed to yield spatially varying topographical and mechanical information of cells. Finally, we compared manually selected CPs to automatically identified CPs and demonstrated that our automated approach is both accurate (< 10nm difference between manual and automatic) and precise for non-interacting polymeric materials. Our data show that the algorithm is useful for analysis of both biomaterials and biological samples
Financial Innovation for an Ageing World
ageing; longevity risk; risk management; financial instruments; annuities; data provision
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Antifibrotic Drug Use in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Data from the IPF-PRO Registry
Rationale:
Two antifibrotic medications, nintedanib and pirfenidone, have been approved for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in the United States. Few data have been published on the use of these medications in clinical practice.
Objectives:
To investigate patterns of use of antifibrotic medications in the United States.
Methods:
The Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Prospective Outcomes (IPF-PRO) Registry, a multicenter U.S. registry, has enrolled patients with IPF that was diagnosed or confirmed at the enrolling center in the past 6 months. Data from patients enrolled from June 5, 2014, to March 4, 2018, were used to determine antifibrotic medication use (“treatment”) in the enrollment window and in a follow-up window approximately 6 months later. Associations between patient characteristics and treatment status were tested using logistic regression.
Results:
Overall, 551 of 782 eligible patients (70.5%) were treated in the enrollment window. Younger age, lower forced vital capacity percentage predicted, oxygen use with activity, worse self-rated health (based on the Short Form 12 or St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire score), referral to the enrolling center by a pulmonologist, use of a lung biopsy in diagnosis, and carrying a diagnosis of IPF to the enrolling center were associated with being treated. Among 534 patients treated at enrollment who had follow-up data, 94.0% remained treated in follow-up. Better self-rated health (based on the Short Form 12 mental component score or EuroQoL score) and not using oxygen with activity at enrollment were associated with continuing treatment in follow-up. Among 172 patients who were untreated at enrollment and had follow-up data, 29.7% started treatment in follow-up. Lower diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide percentage predicted, a family history of interstitial lung disease, a history of sleep apnea, and a definite diagnosis of IPF at enrollment were associated with starting treatment in follow-up.
Conclusions:
The majority of patients in the IPF-PRO Registry were receiving an approved medication for IPF at enrollment. Treatment at enrollment was associated with greater disease severity, more compromised quality of life, and the use of oxygen with activity.
Clinical trial registered with
ClinicalTrials.gov
(NCT01915511)