Diversity of <i>mariner</i>-like elements in Orthoptera

Mariner-like elements (MLEs) are among the most widespread DNA transposable elements in eukaryotes. Insects were the first organisms in which MLEs were identified, however the diversity of MLEs in the insect order Orthoptera has not yet been addressed. In the present study, we explore the diversity of MLEs elements in 16 species of Orthoptera belonging to three infraorders, Acridoidea (Caelifera), Grylloidea (Ensifera), and Tettigoniidea (Ensifera) by combining data mined from computational analysis of sequenced degenerative PCR MLE amplicons and available Orthoptera genomic scaffolds. In total, 75 MLE lineages (Ortmar) were identified in all the studied genomes. Automatic phylogeny-based classification suggested that the current known variability of MLEs can be assigned to seven statistically well-supported phylogenetic clusters (I–VII), and the identified Orthoptera lineages were distributed among all of them. The majority of the lineages (36 out of 75) belong to cluster I; 20 belong to cluster VI; and seven, six, four, one and one lineages belong to clusters II, IV, VII, III, and V, respectively. Two of the clusters (II and IV) were composed of a single Orthoptera MLE lineage each (Ortmar37 and Ortmar45, respectively) which were distributed in the vast majority of the studied Orthoptera genomes. Finally, for 16 Orthoptera MLE lineages, horizontal transfer from the distantly related taxa belonging to other insect orders may have occurred. We believe that our study can serve as a basis for future researches on the diversity, distribution, and evolution of MLEs in species of other taxa that are still lacking the sequenced genomes

The plastid and mitochondrial genomes of <i>Vavilovia Formosa</i> (Stev.) Fed. and the phylogeny of related legume genera

The plastid and mitochondrial genomes of Vavilovia formosa (Stev.) Fed. were assembled on the base of the data of high-throughput sequencing of DNA isolated from a sample from North Osetia, Russia, using Illumina and PacBio platforms. The long PacBio reads were sufficient for reliable assembling organellar genomes while the short Illumina reads obtained from total DNA were unacceptable for this purpose because of substantial contamination by nuclear sequences. The organellar genomes were circular DNA molecules; the genome of mitochondria was represented by two circular chromosomes. A phylogenetic analysis on the basis of plastid genomes available in public databases was performed for some representatives of the tribes Fabeae, Trifolieae and Cicereae. As was expected, the V. formosa branch proved to be sister to the Pisum branch, and the tribe Fabeae was monophyletic. The position of Trifolium L. appeared sensitive to the phylogeny reconstruction method, either clustering with Fabeae or with the genera Medicago L., Trigonella L. and Melilotus Mill., but the internodes between successive divergences were short in all cases, suggesting that the radiation of Trifolium, other Trifolieae and Fabeae was fast, occurring within a small time interval as compared to further evolution of these lineages. The data on the relatedness of the plastid genomes of Trifolium and Fabeae correlate with the similarity of N2-fixing symbionts in these legumes represented by Rhizobium leguminosarum biovars trifolii and viciae, while the symbionts of Medicago, Melilotus and Trigonella belong to the Sinorhizobium meliloti and S. medicae species, which are distant from Rhizobium

RESULTS OF TREATMENT OF OPEN FRACTURES IN PATIENTS WITH POLYTRAUMA IN A REGIONAL TRAUMA SYSTEM

Aim. To analyze options for treatment tactics for open fractures of bones, implemented in a regional trauma system in theKrasnodar Territory.Materials and methods. Retrospective analysis includes the results of treatment of 82 patients with polytrauma and severe open fractures of the shin bones aged from 18 to 60 years, of whom 23 in unstable or critical condition, hospitalized in 2016-2017 in the Scientific Research Institution – S.V. Ochapovsky Regional Clinical Hospital № 1.Results. Treatment tactics for patients with severe polytrauma and open fractures type IIIA and B according to the classification of Gustilo-Andersen adopted in trauma center of level I, reduces the total number of infectious complications to 9,09% for fractures of type III A and 53,84% of IIIB fractures compared to option treatment strategies adopted in trauma centres II, III where the level of infection reaches 58,06% fractures type III A and 93,75% of IIIB fractures. The typical mistakes made in primary surgical treatment in patients with polytrauma and severe open fractures were revealed: incomplete revision of the wound with leaving foreign bodies, non-viable soft tissues, unstable fixation of the fracture with the help of a skeletal traction system, incomplete external fixation of the fracture with a device or plaster bandage, suturing of the wound with relaxing skin incisions during soft tissue swelling, absence of drains or passive drainage of the open fracture.Conclusion. The usage of primary surgical treatment in a reduced volume, with the application of VAC-dressings, in patients with polytrauma and severe open fractures of the limb bones can reduce the overall incidence of infectious complications

Personality ecological consciousness: Values ethical vector of nature safety sustainable development

The relevance of the study is due to the current trends of the global environmental crisis. The ability of nature to self-purification in a man-made civilization is almost exhausted, and advances in science, technology, culture can no longer fundamentally affect the overcoming of the entrenched crisis. In the current difficult conditions, the importance of understanding that the solving the global environmental problem of human survival must be based on ethical values of equal interaction of nature, man and society. As one of the effective conditions to overcome the negative impact of human activity, the values’ ethical vector of nature safety sustainable development is substantiated. In this regard, on the basis of the study results the typology of the structure and content of environmental consciousness is identified and experimentally proved, determined by the ethical values of environmental safety sustainable development; the model of ethical values of environmental safety sustainable development is justified, acting as a priority for the transformation of environmental consciousness. The materials of the article have practical application and can be useful for the development and implementation of methods for environmental consciousness of different categories of the population formation, as well as in making management decisions that regulate environmental activities. © Foundation Environmental Protection & Research-FEPR

Identification of nuclear genes controlling chlorophyll synthesis in barley by RNA-seq

Abstract Background Albinism in plants is characterized by lack of chlorophyll and results in photosynthesis impairment, abnormal plant development and premature death. These abnormalities are frequently encountered in interspecific crosses and tissue culture experiments. Analysis of albino mutant phenotypes with full or partial chlorophyll deficiency can shed light on genetic determinants and molecular mechanisms of albinism. Here we report analysis of RNA-seq transcription profiling of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) near-isogenic lines, one of which is a carrier of mutant allele of the Alm gene for albino lemma and pericarp phenotype (line i:BwAlm). Results 1221 genome fragments have statistically significant changes in expression levels between lines i:BwAlm and Bowman, with 148 fragments having increased expression levels in line i:BwAlm, and 1073 genome fragments, including 42 plastid operons, having decreased levels of expression in line i:BwAlm. We detected functional dissimilarity between genes with higher and lower levels of expression in i:BwAlm line. Genes with lower level of expression in the i:BwAlm line are mostly associated with photosynthesis and chlorophyll synthesis, while genes with higher expression level are functionally associated with vesicle transport. Differentially expressed genes are shown to be involved in several metabolic pathways; the largest fraction of such genes was observed for the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle. Finally, de novo assembly of transcriptome contains several transcripts, not annotated in current H. vulgare genome version. Conclusions Our results provide the new information about genes which could be involved in formation of albino lemma and pericarp phenotype. They demonstrate the interplay between nuclear and chloroplast genomes in this physiological process