Orange-Brown Precipitate: A Threat to the Success of Endodontic Treatment – An In Vitro Study

AIM: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of various intermediate irrigating solutions in the removal of orange-brown precipitate formed due to alternative use of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chlorhexidine (CHX) root canal irrigants. METHODS: The root canals of 50 mandibular premolars were prepared using ProTaper Universal Rotary instruments (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) up to size F3. The roots were randomly divided into five experimental groups specified by the intermediate irrigant used; Group 1: No intermediate irrigant used (control), Group 2: Saline, Group 3: 7% maleic acid (MA), Group 4: 4% sodium thiosulfate, and Group 5: 70% isopropyl alcohol (n = 10). After final irrigation with CHX, the specimens were evaluated for the presence/absence of orange-brown precipitate under stereomicroscope. RESULTS: Mean precipitate for all experimental groups was calculated using ANOVA F test which showed orange-brown precipitate (parachloroanaline) in all groups except Group 4 and Group 5 which were highly significant (p < 0.001) at all the levels of root canal. Intergroup pairwise comparison was done using Tukey’s post hoc test. CONCLUSION: About 7% MA is effective in minimizing the formation of orange-brown precipitate when used as intermediate irrigant between NaOCl and CHX. However, the precipitate was not observed with 4% sodium thiosulfate and 70% isopropyl alcohol

IMAGE FUSION ALGORITHM FOR FUSION OF PANCHROMATIC AND MULTISPECTRAL IMAGES FOR HIGH SPATIAL INFORMATION WHILE PRESERVING SPECTRAL INFORMATION CONTENT

In this paper image fusion algorithm for enhancing spatial quality of the multispectral image while maintaining the spectral quality of the multispectral image is proposed. The fusion algorithm is developed based on high frequency components injection to the multispectral image to improve the spatial quality of the fused image. High frequency component is generated using the Laplacian filter. Construct the saliency map and initial weight map. Finally optimum weight parameter is calculated for each band using the guided filter, using this optimum weight parameter panchromatic and multispectral images are fused to enhance the spatial quality of the multispectral image

Comparison of Enamel Preparations - Bevel, Chamfer and Stair Step Chamfer on Fracture Resistance of Nano Filled Resin Composites Using Bulk Pack Technique - An In Vitro Study

AIM: To evaluate and compare the effect of enamel preparation designs bevel, chamfer and stair-step chamfer on the fracture resistance of nanocomposite. METHODS: The sample group of this study consisted of 72 non-carious permanent maxillary central incisors. The sample is divided into four groups of 18 each. Group, I control Group II bevel preparation, Group III chamfer preparation, group IV stair step chamfer preparation. After the specific preparation, each tooth is filled with nanocomposite using bulk pack technique. The teeth were subjected to fracture resistance test under Universal testing machine and then were examined under a stereomicroscope to evaluate the type of bond failure. The results were subjected to statistical analysis. RESULTS: Results of the One-Way ANOVA revealed a significant difference in the mean peak failure load values of the four different groups. (P < 0.001) Tukey’s Post-Hoc comparison test revealed that there was a significant difference in the mean peak failure load values of the bevel and chamfer preparation. But there was no significant difference between chamfer and stair-step chamfer preparation designs. CONCLUSION: Stair-step chamfer preparation demonstrated comparable values to Chamfer preparation but also involved the removal of less amount of tooth structure adjacent to the fractured edge and good esthetic technique

Gutta percha verses resilon: An in vitro comparison of fracture resistance in endodontically treated teeth

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth filled with gutta percha and Resilon using lateral and vertical condensation methods. Materials and Methods: A total of 75 freshly extracted single-rooted teeth were selected. All samples were instrumented with profile 4% Ni-Ti rotary instruments. Samples were randomly divided into five groups of 15 samples each: Group 1 was obturated using lateral condensation with gutta percha and AH -26 sealer. Group 2 was obturated using vertical condensation with gutta-percha and AH-26. Group 3 was obturated with Resilon and epiphany using lateral condensation technique. Group 4 was obturated with Resilon and epiphany using vertical condensation method. Group 5 received no filling. Restored teeth were subjected to compressive loading in a universal testing machine. Results: One-way ANOVA test showed significant difference among the groups (P < 0.05). The mean and SD values for the groups are as follows: Group 1 - (773.3 ± 148.1), Group 2 - (769.9 ± 170.5), Group 3 - (928.1 ± 135.4), Group 4 - (902.6 ± 120.8), and Group 5 - (766.0 ± 152.0). It was seen that samples of Group 3 showed the highest fracture resistance followed by Group 4, Group 1, and Group 2. Group 5 showed the least fracture resistance. Conclusion: Resilon-epiphany obturated roots using lateral condensation method showed higher fracture resistance compared with gutta percha-AH 26 groups on vertical loading

Influence of galactose cataract on erythrocytic and lenticular glutathione metabolism in albino rats

Context: Glutathione depletion has been postulated to be the prime reason for galactose cataract. The current research seeks the prospect of targeting erythrocytes to pursue the lens metabolism by studying the glutathione system. Aims: To study the activity of the glutathione-linked scavenger enzyme system in the erythrocyte and lens of rats with cataract. Materials and Methods: Experiments were conducted in 36 male albino rats weighing 80 ± 20 g of 28 days of age. The rats were divided into two major groups, viz. experimental and control. Six rats in each group were sacrificed every 10 days, for 30 days. Cataract was induced in the experimental group by feeding the rats 30% galactose (w/w). The involvement of reduced glutathione (GSH) and the linked enzymes was studied in the erythrocytes and lens of cataractous as well as control rats. Statistical Analysis: Parametric tests like one-way ANOVA and Student′s ′t′ test were used for comparison. Correlation linear plot was used to compare the erythrocyte and lens metabolism. Results: Theconcentration of GSH and the activity of linked enzymes were found decreased with the progression of cataract, and also in comparison to the control. The same linear fashion was also observed in the erythrocytes. Conclusion: Depletion of GSH was the prime factor for initiating galactose cataract in the rat model. This depletion may in turn result in enzyme inactivation leading to cross-linking of protein and glycation. The correlation analysis specifies that the biochemical mechanism in the erythrocytes and lens is similar in the rat model

Successful women & men entrepreneurs by KVK, Kolar

Success stories by KVK, KolarEconomic empowerment of women by establishment of papa dins, pizza & burger unit at, KGF, Women empowerment through processing of minor millets value added products, Economic empowerment of women through value addition of agriculture & horticulture produce, Income & employment generation by establishment of Namkeen production unit at Bangarpet, Income generation by establishment of Matsya Darshini at KGFNot Availabl

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