The European fiscal union creation process

У статті розглянуто еволюцію створення фінансової системи Європейського Союзу, проблеми, які виникли останніми роками в процесі її функціонування та основні напрямки реформування (модифікації). У ході аналізу основну увагу приділено питанню створення в рамках ЄС Фіскального союзу. У зв’язку з цим, у Євросоюзі все частіше говорять про дві різні групи країн, що рухатимуться до спільної мети з різними швидкостями. Перша група — це країни-донори, які дотримуються усіх укладених угод, бюджетної дисципліни, мають відповідні позитивні макроекономічні показники. Друга група — країни європериферії, в якій зазначені вище процеси відбуваються зі значними ускладненнями або не відбуваються взагалі. У цих країнах також досить міцні позиції євроскептиків, які часто вживають заходи всупереч спільно ухваленим рішенням. На даний час у Євросоюзі немає чіткого розуміння, яким шляхом потрібно виходити з кризової ситуації. Однак, наявність глибокого розуміння причин кризового стану та активна робота щодо підготовки та проведення заходів, спрямованих на подолання негативних наслідків такої кризи дозволяють зробити висновок щодо достатньо сприятливі перспектив подальшого розвитку фінансової системи ЄС (зокрема, формально створенного Фіскального союзу). На основі проведено аналізу зроблено висновки щодо можливих напрямів дій, спрямованих на вдосконалення фінансової системи ЄС, а також внесено певні рекомендації стосовно заходів, які повинна здійснити Україна (зокрема, в питаннях бюджетного прогнозування та планування) з тим, щоб адаптувати свої фінансові інститути та механізми до модернізованої фінансової системи ЄС.The paper presents evolution of the European Union fiscal system creation process as well as outlines problems in functioning thereof that have arisen during recent years and the main reforming (modification) trends. The analysis is primarily focused on creation of the fiscal union within the EU. In this regard, the idea of two different groups of countries moving to the common goal at different paces is becoming ever increasingly much-talked-about in the EU. The first group comprises donor countries that adhere to all treaties and fiscal discipline, while demonstrating respective positive macroeconomic indicators. The second group implies countries of Euro-periphery, where the above processes take place along with significant complications or do not occur at all. In these countries Eurosceptic positions are also quite strong, which often leads to taking measures contrary to the jointly adopted decisions. Currently, there is no clear understanding within the EU as to which way out of the crisis should be taken. However, profound understanding of the crisis causes and active work on preparation and implementation of measures to overcome the negative effects of this crisis suggest availability of sufficiently favorable prospects for further development of the EU fiscal system (including formal creation of the Fiscal Union). Based on the conducted analysis conclusions have been made as to potential vectors of action aimed at improving EU fiscal system, while specific recommendations on actions to be taken by Ukraine have been developed (particularly, as regards budget forecasting and planning) with the purpose of harmonizing Ukrainian financial institutions and mechanisms with the EU fiscal system

European Monetary Union: limits to growth or bifurcation point

У статті розглядаються передумови та процес створення валютного союзу країн ЄС з урахуванням історичного досвіду європейських країн стосовно попередніх спроб валютної інтеграції між окремими країнами. Автор також аналізує шляхи вирішення різних теоретичних та практичних проблем, які виникали в ході цього процесу. Зокрема, вказується на те, що значна частина їх обумовлена ігноруванням тих принципів валютної інтеграції, необхідність дотримання яких чітко виявилися ще на попередніх етапах інтеграційного процесу. Окрему увагу приділено розгляду сучасного етапу розвитку валютного союзу, зокрема проблемам, які обумовлені фінансовою кризою в «периферійних країнах» Союзу, а також паралельним поглибленням співробітництва в банківських та фіскальних питаннях. В даному контексті розглянуті також напрямки подальшого розвитку європейської валютної інтеграції. За результатами такого аналізу автор доходить висновку, що Європейський валютний союз вичерпав енергію свого розвитку по раніше заданій траєкторії і знаходиться в точці біфуркації, від напрямку проходження якої залежить його подальше вдосконалення або поступова консервація та занепад.The paper presents the background and process of the EU monetary union establishment with regard to historical experience of European countries involving previous attempts of currency integration between separate countries. The author also analyzes methods of solving various theoretical and practical problems arising during the process. In particular, it is pointed out that the majority of the problems were caused by neglecting monetary integration principles, the need for observing which had been clearly stated yet at the preliminary stages of the integration process. Special emphasis is made on reviewing current development stage of the monetary union, in particular, with regard to problems caused by the financial crisis in “peripheral countries” of the Union as well as by concurrent intensification of cooperation in the field of banking and fiscal issues. In this context, the trends of further European monetary integration development are also considered. As resulted from analysis, the author concludes that the European Monetary Union had exhausted its energy for development along previously assigned trajectory and reached the bifurcation point, whereas its further improvement or gradual preservation and decline depend upon the direction in which the point is passed

Forecast of Educational Trends in the Role of “Soft Skills” for the Professional Development of Future Specialists in the Conditions of Distance Learning: The Challenges of Our Time

The modern requirements of the information society dictate an update on the work of educational institutions, in particular on the formation of soft skills among higher education applicants. The article aims to analyze educational trends and the role of soft skills for the professional development of future specialists in the conditions of distance learning. The article uses general scientific (analysis, synthesis) and special (abstraction, prediction) research methods. In general, it is noted that soft skills are important for career development, but it is difficult to measure them empirically. In European and American universities, the acquisition of soft skills has long been solved by additional classes and additional paid education, but since COVID-19 there are many digital platforms where you can learn them through distance education

Звіт про науково-дослідну роботу (проміжний). Програма: «Розробка наукових основ, систем, технологій і технічних засобів для забезпечення продовольчої безпеки південного регіону України». Підпрограма: «Комп’ютерне моделювання явищ та процесів в АПК»

Теоретичні і методологічні основи та інструментальні засоби створення і використання інформаційних технологій та систем (ІСТ) у галузях АПК та виробництва. Програмні засоби та інформаційні системи для автоматизації бізнес-процесів в АПК, виробництвіта навчальному процесі

Postmodern Monetary Innovations

The Postmodern period is characterized by significant changes in the system of Monetary Relations, which concern not only technical innovations but also the very essence of Money. It creates a necessity to analyze Monetary Innovations with purposes to build a theory of their impact on the Monetary Sphere. Based on this, the author uses process tracing and event analysis methods (in particular, in the theoretical part of the work—theory-building process tracing). The main conclusions of the analysis were the conclusions that Financial Globalization logically requires the emergence of Global Money, but the problem is complicated not only by the fact that there are different options for such Money but also by the fact that Globalization itself develops nonlinearly and changes in the economic and political environment will also affect the choice of a Global Money Model. However, the dominant trend is the Destuffation of Money—that is, the disappearance of material (stuff) forms of money, and therefore, the real choice of such a model is between Cryptocurrencies (which represent the Free Market) and Central Bank Digital Currencies—CBDCs (which represent the Monetary Sovereignty of the State)

European monetary union: limits to growth or bifurcation point

The paper presents the background and process of the EU monetary union establishment with regard to historical experience of European countries involving previous attempts of currency integration between separate countries. The author also analyzes methods of solving various theoretical and practical problems arising during the process. In particular, it is pointed out that the majority of the problems were caused by neglecting monetary integration principles, the need for observing which had been clearly stated yet at the preliminary stages of the integration process. Special emphasis is made on reviewing current development stage of the monetary union, in particular, with regard to problems caused by the financial crisis in "peripheral countries" of the Union as well as by concurrent intensification of cooperation in the field of banking and fiscal issues. In this context, the trends of further European monetary integration development are also considered. As resulted from analysis, the author concludes that the European Monetary Union had exhausted its energy for development along previously assigned trajectory and reached the bifurcation point, whereas its further improvement or gradual preservation and decline depend upon the direction in which the point is passed

The European Fiscal Union creation process

The paper presents evolution of the European Union fiscal system creation process as well as outlines problems in functioning thereof that have arisen during recent years and the main reforming (modification) trends. The analysis is primarily focused on creation of the fiscal union within the EU. In this regard, the idea of two different groups of countries moving to the common goal at different paces is becoming ever increasingly much-talked-about in the EU. The first group comprises donor countries that adhere to all treaties and fiscal discipline, while demonstrating respective positive macroeconomic indicators. The second group implies countries of Euro-periphery, where the above processes take place along with significant complications or do not occur at all. In these countries Eurosceptic positions are also quite strong, which often leads to taking measures contrary to the jointly adopted decisions. Currently, there is no clear understanding within the EU as to which way out of the crisis should be taken. However, profound understanding of the crisis causes and active work on preparation and implementation of measures to overcome the negative effects of this crisis suggest availability of sufficiently favorable prospects for further development of the EU fiscal system (including formal creation of the Fiscal Union). Based on the conducted analysis conclusions have been made as to potential vectors of action aimed at improving EU fiscal system, while specific recommendations on actions to be taken by Ukraine have been developed (particularly, as regards budget forecasting and planning) with the purpose of harmonizing Ukrainian financial institutions and mechanisms with the EU fiscal system

Principles of natural capital preservation in the context of strategy of state environmental safety

The article analyzes issue of strategy forming of state development through prism of state environmental safety, preservation of its natural capital in the process of formation and implementation of state environmental policy. Basic ecological, economic, social principles of natural capital preservation of Ukraine are considered. Possibilities of ecological network development of Ukraine are investigated. A comprehensive knowledge framework for the management of natural capital is shown

Human factor in emergency occurrence at NPP during the pandemic COVID-19: new potential risks and recommendations to minimize them

COVID-19 pandemic is an emergency that spread across the planet. It threatens lives and health of the population, with many dead and injured. Also, during pandemic there was (and continues to be) a violation of normal living conditions, significant material damage to economies of different countries. Quarantine restrictions affected social, educational, cultural and spiritual spheres of society. There is an urgent threat to operation of critical infrastructure as the pandemic led to large numbers of hospitalized or self-isolated people and being treated at home. At present, the operation of critical infrastructure, and in particular nuclear power plants, is strategically important for the proper functioning of any country. Also, the research describes causes of emergencies at nuclear power plants and identifies another factor - the mass disease of NPP personnel or their relatives on COVID-19. It is determined that timely detection and appropriate work to restore mental health during the pandemic is no less important area of work along with providing medical care to population. Stress associated with uncertainty, threat to health, can have negative consequences for well-being and mental health of workers. Depression, emotional exhaustion, anxiety, irritability, suicidal thoughts, etc. can also be consequences. Socio-psychological support especially for critical infrastructure workers is important to promote mental health during COVID-19 pandemic. Recommendations for socio-psychological support of NPP personnel were developed. Specialized mobile applications are described as convenient and economical way for primary psychological care