Beyond Problems and Cases: Discussion Materials for Accounting in Executive Programs Business School

Selection or development of classroom materials for an accounting class in an executive program is complicated by the fact that some students enter the program with a substantial knowledge of accounting while others may have no background at all. Furthermore, general management programs do not usually focus on making all students equally knowledgeable about what accountants do and how to use the information that accounting provides. Problems and cases are sometimes not successful as discussion materials in the mixed audience class because some students are not challenged while others are overwhelmed because of their lack of exposure to the methods and principles of accounting. We describe a new class of materials prepared for executive program accounting classes that are based on contemporary events that become the bases for informed discussion among students where learning takes place at each student’s level while working in small groups to understand the problems, possible solutions, and actions that might be taken to clarify issues and solutions to the problems posed. Three examples are described and illustrated

PrtT-Regulated Proteins Secreted by Aspergillus fumigatus Activate MAPK Signaling in Exposed A549 Lung Cells Leading to Necrotic Cell Death

Aspergillus fumigatus is the most commonly encountered mold pathogen of humans, predominantly infecting the respiratory system. Colonization and penetration of the lung alveolar epithelium is a key but poorly understood step in the infection process. This study focused on identifying the transcriptional and cell-signaling responses activated in A549 alveolar carcinoma cells incubated in the presence of A. fumigatus wild-type and ΔPrtT protease-deficient germinating conidia and culture filtrates (CF). Microarray analysis of exposed A549 cells identified distinct classes of genes whose expression is altered in the presence of germinating conidia and CF and suggested the involvement of both NFkB and MAPK signaling pathways in mediating the cellular response. Phosphoprotein analysis of A549 cells confirmed that JNK and ERK1/2 are phosphorylated in response to CF from wild-type A. fumigatus and not phosphorylated in response to CF from the ΔPrtT protease-deficient strain. Inhibition of JNK or ERK1/2 kinase activity substantially decreased CF-induced cell damage, including cell peeling, actin-cytoskeleton damage, and reduction in metabolic activity and necrotic death. These results suggest that inhibition of MAPK-mediated host responses to treatment with A. fumigatus CF decreases cellular damage, a finding with possible clinical implications

STARD 2015: An Updated List of Essential Items for Reporting Diagnostic Accuracy Studies.

Incomplete reporting has been identified as a major source of avoidable waste in biomedical research. Essential information is often not provided in study reports, impeding the identification, critical appraisal, and replication of studies. To improve the quality of reporting of diagnostic accuracy studies, the Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (STARD) statement was developed. Here we present STARD 2015, an updated list of 30 essential items that should be included in every report of a diagnostic accuracy study. This update incorporates recent evidence about sources of bias and variability in diagnostic accuracy and is intended to facilitate the use of STARD. As such, STARD 2015 may help to improve completeness and transparency in reporting of diagnostic accuracy studies

A Field Research Study Exploring the Relationships among Factors in new Product Development and the Success of New Products

While considerable research has been undertaken to study how technical factors, marketing factors and formal NPD structures and processes affect new product success, little if any research exists which relates the role of accounting and finance NPD members and their expertise, or the use of financial measures, to new product success. This field research study uses in-person interviews and a detailed, structured interview protocol to gather both quantitative data and responses to open questions. The preliminary results confirm earlier findings on the importance of technical factors (technical personnel and expertise) and marketing factors (marketing personnel and expertise) to new product success. It also confirms that the multifunctional team structure was used for all NPD teams, and that all NPD projects used a formal, multistage process. Moving beyond findings that confirm earlier research, we further find that successful projects are more likely to use outwardly focused, market oriented metrics like profit margin, sales, and sales growth whereas less successful projects were more inwardly focused, comparing development cost to budget. In addition, while the timing of th

Improving 21st-Century Teaching Skills: The Key to Effective 21st-Century Learners

RLOsThe development of competencies known as 21st-century skills are garnering increasing attention as a means of improving teacher instructional quality. However, a key challenge in bringing about desired improvements lies in the lack of context-specific understanding of teaching practices and meaningful ways of supporting teacher professional development. This paper focuses on the need to measure the social quality of teaching processes in a contextualized manner. We do so by highlighting the efforts made to develop and measure teacher practices and classroom processes using the Teacher Instructional Practices and Processes System© (TIPPS) in three different contexts: Uganda (secondary), India (primary), and Ghana (pre-school). By examining how such a tool can be used for teacher feedback, reflective practice, and continuous improvement, the hope is to pave the way toward enhanced 21st-century teacher skills and, in turn, 21st-century learners