The security of NTP's datagram protocol

For decades, the Network Time Protocol (NTP) has been used to synchronize computer clocks over untrusted network paths. This work takes a new look at the security of NTP’s datagram protocol. We argue that NTP’s datagram protocol in RFC5905 is both underspecified and flawed. The NTP specifications do not sufficiently respect (1) the conflicting security requirements of different NTP modes, and (2) the mechanism NTP uses to prevent off-path attacks. A further problem is that (3) NTP’s control-query interface reveals sensitive information that can be exploited in off-path attacks. We exploit these problems in several attacks that remote attackers can use to maliciously alter a target’s time. We use network scans to find millions of IPs that are vulnerable to our attacks. Finally, we move beyond identifying attacks by developing a cryptographic model and using it to prove the security of a new backwards-compatible client/server protocol for NTP.https://eprint.iacr.org/2016/1006.pdfhttps://eprint.iacr.org/2016/1006.pdfPublished versio

Using a Team Approach to Redesign the First Course in a Master’s LevelInstructional Design and Performance Improvement Program

The first course in the Instructional Design and Performance Technology Program at Franklin University is IDPT600 – Principles of Learning Theory. This program began two years ago using a cohort format. The first course ran several times during 2011 and 2012. The original design served us well but, as the rest of the program was being completed, we realized that we had several opportunities to improve IDPT600. In addition, feedback from faculty and students provided the impetus to redesign the course and make the learning opportunities for our students even more robust. This poster presentation describes the unique team process used to revise IDPT600. We also describe the course content and show how it better prepares our students for graduate studies and professional growth, aligns with industry standards, and features real world application.https://fuse.franklin.edu/forum-2013/1005/thumbnail.jp

Comparison of machine learning algorithms for the prediction of five-year survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma

BACKGROUND/AIM Machine learning analyses of cancer outcomes for oral cancer remain sparse compared to other types of cancer like breast or lung. The purpose of the present study was to compare the performance of machine learning algorithms in the prediction of global, recurrence-free five-year survival in oral cancer patients based on clinical and histopathological data.METHODS Data were gathered retrospectively from 416 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. The data set was divided into training and test data set (75:25 split). Training performance of five machine learning algorithms (Logistic regression, K-nearest neighbours, Naïve Bayes, Decision tree and Random forest classifiers) for prediction was assessed by k-fold cross-validation. Variables used in the machine learning models were age, sex, pain symptoms, grade of lesion, lymphovascular invasion, extracapsular extension, perineural invasion, bone invasion and type of treatment. Variable importance was assessed and model performance on the testing data was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curves, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and F1 score.RESULTS The best performing model was the Decision tree classifier, followed by the Logistic Regression model (accuracy 76% and 60%, respectively). The Naïve Bayes model did not display any predictive value with 0% specificity.CONCLUSIONS Machine learning presents a promising and accessible toolset for improving prediction of oral cancer outcomes. Our findings add to a growing body of evidence that Decision tree models are useful in models in predicting OSCC outcomes. We would advise that future similar studies explore a variety of machine learning models including Logistic regression to help evaluate model performance.</p

How Industrial Distributors View Distributor-Supplier Partnership Arrangements

This nationwide survey reports distributors\u27 perspectives of their relationship with a core supplier. The survey reports on elements of partnership, expectations, outcomes, and satisfaction relating to the relationship\u27s position on a continuum between arm\u27s length and close partnership styles

How Industrial Distributors View Distributor-Supplier Partnership Arrangements

This nationwide survey reports distributors\u27 perspectives of their relationship with a core supplier. The survey reports on elements of partnership, expectations, outcomes, and satisfaction relating to the relationship\u27s position on a continuum between arm\u27s length and close partnership styles

Do evidence submission forms expose latent print examiners to task-irrelevant information?

Emerging research documents the ways in which task-irrelevant contextual information may influence the opinions and decisions that forensic analysts reach regarding evidence (e.g., Dror and Cole, 2010; National Academy of Sciences, 2009; President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology, 2016). Consequently, authorities have called for forensic analysts to rely solely on task-relevant information—and to actively avoid task-irrelevant information—when conducting analyses (National Commission on Forensic Science, 2015). In this study, we examined 97 evidence submission forms, used by 148 accredited crime laboratories across the United States, to determine what types of information laboratories solicit when performing latent print analyses. Results indicate that many laboratories request information with no direct relevance to the specific task of latent print comparison. More concerning, approximately one in six forms (16.5%) request information that appears to have a high potential for bias without any discernible relevance to latent print comparison. Solicitations for task-irrelevant information may carry meaningful consequences and current findings inform strategies to reduce the potential for cognitive bias

Taper-Trunion Interface Stresses in Metal on Metal Hip Implants

Metal on metal (MoM) total hip arthroplasty describes a hip joint replacement where a metal (cobalt chromium) femoral head articulates against a metal socket. This implant scenario has generally been successful until recently when larger (\u3e 36 mm) metal heads have become more popular as a means to reduce the incidence of hip joint dislocation. Today, the number of clinical failures (described by fretting corrosion and a need for revision surgery) of MoM total hip arthroplasty is occurring at unacceptable rates. The objective of our research was to investigate the effect of horizontal lever arm (HLA), a geometric variable that increases with femoral head size, on trunnion-taper contact stresses. We hypothesized that trunnion-taper contact stresses increase with head size. Such increases may be responsible for increases in the potential for fretting wear and subsequent corrosion. We tested our hypothesis by conducting finite element analysis (FEA) of a titanium alloy hip stem and five femoral heads under four different loading conditions. The implant and head were assembled in such a way to simulate a Morse-taper fit. Four load cases were applied: the average force experienced during single legged stance, the average and maximum force experience during stair climbing and the force experienced during stumbling. The maximum von Mises stresses experienced at the trunnion-taper interface for each load were compared. Our results showed that increasing the head size of the implant increases the stresses experienced by the trunnion and taper for stairclimbing and stumbling due to the offset in loading with respect to the trunnion axis. Certain load cases, such as stair climbing and stumbling, with a larger HLA cause the trunnion to experience stresses close to or exceeding the yield strength of the implant material, which may contribute to an increase in fretting wear at the trunnion-taper junction. It was concluded that smaller to mid-sized heads (≤ 36mm) should be used for implants, in order to avoid high trunnion-taper interface stresses that occur for certain loading conditions

Should Endodontic Residents Be Educated About IV‐Sedation? Endodontics Program Directors’ and Endodontists’ Perspectives

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/153555/1/jddjde018077.pd