Efficacy of eco-friendly insecticides against yellow stem borer under spring rice crop ecosystem of Saptari district, Nepal

The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of eco-friendly insecticides in controlling yellow stem borer in spring rice crops of Hardinath-1 variety in Saptari district, Nepal. For this experiment, a Randomized Block Design was used with seven different treatments and an untreated control group. The treatments tested included Bacillus thuringiensis var kurtaski, Beauveria bassiana, Azadiractin 2.00%, garlic extract, tobacco extract, larvosin, and an untreated plot.  The plots used were 3 × 4 meters in size and the plants were spaced 20 centimeters apart in both rows and between plants. The crop was sprayed twice, once during the vegetative stage and once during the reproductive stage, when the pest population reached a certain level. The incidence of dead heart was observed on ten randomly selected hills from each plot before and after the insecticide application, and observations on yellow stem borer incidence were recorded. Results showed that B. thuringiensis var kurtaski had the lowest dead heart infestation (0.4889%) and the minimum white head infestation (0.367%), as well as the highest mean yield (5.755mt/ha). Neembicide and B. bassiana also showed promising results

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid gland simulating as an abscess

Salivary gland cancers are rare and majority of them occur in the parotid gland. Amongst them, mucoepidermoid carcinoma is the most common malignant salivary gland neoplasm and makes up to 40–50% of malignant parotid gland tumors. They present with diverse clinical presentations. These tumors are typically classified into three histological grades (low, intermediate, or high) which strongly correlate with the clinical behavior and overall prognosis of the patient. The initial diagnosis is based upon the physical examination and the location of the mass within or arising from either major or minor salivary glands. However, in some cases the diagnosis of mucoepidermoid carcinoma may be missed especially where there is an atypical presentation. We herein report one such unusual manifestation of this tumor in a 54-year-old male who was suspected as a case of parotid abscess

Turmeric - Its Applications in Dentistry

Turmeric is known to be one of the oldest spices that have been used for thousands of years and is a major part of Ayurvedic medicine. Curcumin, which comprises 0.3-5.4% of raw turmeric, is its best researched active constituent which is nontoxic and has a variety of therapeutic applications including its usage in dentistry. The aim of this article is to explore various dental applications of turmeric as there is scarcity of information and research in this field

Gouty Tophi-Diagnosis Clinched on Cytology with Review of Literature

Periarticular and articular nodules represent as one of the most common manifestations of a wide variety of non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions. These nodules tend to create diagnostic dilemmas, as most of them present with variable signs/ symptoms and have nonspecific laboratory findings. Amongst these, gouty tophus is an important differential, the diagnosis of which can be difficult in cases of unusual presentations, i.e., in the absence of arthritis and/ or hyperuricemia. The authors hereby present a clinically unsuspected case of gouty tophi in a 37-year-old male with a soft tissue swelling at 1st metatarsophalangeal joint of the left foot. Fine needle aspiration cytology played a pivotal role in clinching the diagnosis, thus highlighting its substantial role in diagnosis of periarticular nodules

Giant uterine leiomyoma: a case report with literature review

Uterine leiomyomas are one of the most common entities encountered in routine gynaecological practice; however, the giant uterine myomas are very rare and can often create a diagnostic dilemma and therapeutic challenge owing to their size, non-specific clinical presentation and degenerations. Here, in this article we review the literature on giant uterine leiomyomas and report one such case in a 38-year-old woman who presented with the complaints of vague abdominal lump, enlargement of abdomen, dysmenorrhea, lower abdominal and pelvic pain since last 2 years and a 6-month history of increased frequency of micturation. Physical examination and radiological investigations suggested a giant abdominopelvic mass, probably a uterine or an ovarian malignancy. An exploratory laparotomy was performed followed by total hysterectomy. Grossly, the specimen was a 15.2 kg uterine leiomyoma measuring 18x18x13 cm in size. Histologically, the benign leiomyoma showed cystic degeneration. The patient’s post-operative and follow-up period was uneventful

Cysticercosis of the Breast Masquerading as Fibroadenoma

Cysticercosis in humans occurs due to larval infestation of the cestode Taenia solium. It is a common parasitic public health problem especially in developing countries. It can affect any part of the body and can have variety of clinical presentations that can create diagnostic dilemmas. Herein we report one such unusual manifestation of this parasite as breast lump in a 28-year-old female who was suspected as a case of fibroadenoma breast

Epidermal Inclusion Cyst Mimicking as Carcinoma Breast: A Rare Case Report

Epidermal inclusion cyst (EIC), a benign lesion occurs due to proliferation and implantation of epidermal elements in dermis. Usual sites are head and neck region, trunk and extremities;location on breast is extremely rare. It is a diagnostically challenging entity in breast because whenever a female patient presents with a solid painless nodule/mass in breast, malignancy is the first differential arising in a clinician’s mind. So it is recommended, although rare, EIC should always be considered among differentials in such cases

A Rare Coexistence of Neuroblastoma with Spina Bifida

Coexistence of solid tumors with congenital abnormality is known to occur. Neuroblastoma is the most common solid tumor in childhood which has various associations, but seldom with spina bifida. The authors describe one such case which highlights and enlightens the readers with this rare association

Ayurveda View on Raktamokshan and its Mode of Action as per Modern Science

Ayurveda is old science which deals with many surgical and parasurgical procedures for the management of different pathological conditions. Amongst the many unique modalities Raktamokshan (bloodletting) is one of the important modality which provides health benefits in many diseases. Acharya Sushruta described importance of this procedure in conditions involving vitiation of Rakta and Dosha. Vitiation of Rakta is responsible for many health issues including skin problems and Raktamokshan helps greatly in this regard. Leech therapy, venesection and cupping therapy are subtype of Raktamokshan which helps in blood purification. The bloodletting therapies gaining attention of modern science due to their technical advancement. Raktamokshana mainly involves various techniques of blood liberation. Raktamokshan helps to treat conditions like eczema, swellings, inflammations and poisoning, etc

An insight into the placental morphology in a case of Edwards syndrome

Certain histomorphological features of the placenta can suggest, although not diagnose, the presence of abnormal karyotype in cases of chromosomal anomalies in the fetus. However, data correlating placental histology and abnormal fetal karyotype is scarce. Here, in this article, we wanted to enlighten the readers about the importance of the placental morphology in chromosomal aberrations by presenting a case of a 22-year-old primigravida who at 8 weeks of gestation had a regular prenatal check-up. Over a period of time, the ultrasound study at 21 weeks of gestation revealed a single live intrauterine fetus in a breech position with polyhydramnios, strawberry-shaped skull, and other features. Amniocentesis revealed that the fetus was having Edwards syndrome (trisomy 18). The placental examination showed areas of sclerosis and congestion with a single umbilical artery