Anisotropic generalization of well-known solutions describing relativistic self-gravitating fluid systems: An algorithm

We present an algorithm to generalize a plethora of well-known solutions to Einstein field equations describing spherically symmetric relativistic fluid spheres by relaxing the pressure isotropy condition on the system. By suitably fixing the model parameters in our formulation, we generate closed-form solutions which may be treated as anisotropic generalization of a large class of solutions describing isotropic fluid spheres. From the resultant solutions, a particular solution is taken up to show its physical acceptability. Making use of the current estimate of mass and radius of a known pulsar, the effects of anisotropic stress on the gross physical behaviour of a relativistic compact star is also highlighted.Comment: To appear in Eur. Phys. J.

Remote preconditioning by aortic constriction: affords cardioprotection as classical or other remote ischemic preconditioning? Role of iNOS

Dose remote preconditioning by aortic constriction (RPAC) affords cardioprotection similar to classical or other remote ischemic preconditioning stimulus? Moreover study was also designed to investigate role of inducible nitric oxide synthase in remote preconditioning by aortic constriction. There are sufficient evidences that "ischemic preconditioning" has surgical applications and afford clinically relevant cardioprotection. Transient occlusion of circumflex artery, renal artery, limb artery or mesenteric artery preconditions the myocardium against ischemia reperfusion injury in case of ischemic heart disease leading to myocardial infraction. Here abdominal aorta was selected to produce RPAC. Four episodes of Ischemia-reperfusion of 5 min each to abdominal aorta produced RPAC by assessment of infract size, LDH and CK. These studies suggest RPAC produced acute (FWOP) and delayed (SWOP) cardioprotective effect. RPAC demonstrated a significant decrease in Ischemia-reperfusion induced release of LDH, CK and extent of myocardial infract size. L-NAME (10 mg/Kg i.v.), Aminoguanidine (150 mg/Kg s.c.), Aminoguanidine (300 mg/Kg s.c.), S-methyl isothiourea (3 mg/Kg i.v.), 1400W (1 mg/Kg i.v.) administered 10 min. before global ischemia reperfusion produced no marked effect. Aminoguanidine (150 mg/Kg s.c.), Aminoguanidine (300 mg/Kg s.c.), S-methyl isothiourea (3 mg/Kg i.v.), 1400W (1 mg/Kg i.v.) pretreatment after RPAC produced no significant effect on acute RPAC induced decrease in LDH, CK and infract size, whereas L-NAME (10 mg/Kg i.v.) increased RPAC induced decrease in LDH, CK and infract size. Most interesting observation is in delayed RPAC, where all NOS inhibitors pretreatment attenuate RPAC induced decrease in LDH, CK and infract size. In conclusions, "Remote preconditioning by aortic constriction" (RPAC) affords cardioprotection similar to classical or other remote ischemic preconditioning stimulus. Moreover, late or delayed phase of RPAC has been mediated by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) whereas it has not involved in acute RPAC

PHARMACOGNOSTIC AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF GUAZUMA TOMENTOSA LEAF

ObjectiveDevelopment of quality standards of Guazuma tomentosa leafMethodsPharmacognostic and physicochemical evaluation of leaf of Guazuma tomentosa is carried out to establish its macroscopic and microscopic characters and its quantitative physicochemical standards. Total ash, water soluble ash, acid insoluble ash, swelling index, extractive value (ethyl acetate, dichloromethne, alcohol and water soluble extractive value both hot and cold) were determined for physicochemical evaluations. Preliminary phytochemical screening was done to detect the presence and absence of phytoconstituents. Thin layer chromatography was carried out which play important role in assuring quality of crude drug. Catechin content of leaf was determined using HPLC.  ResultsThe drug can be identified on the basis of morphology and microscopic characters. Phytochemical screening revealed that leaf extract contain alkaloids, carbohydrate, phytosterol, resin, flavanoids, tannins, diterpenes and protein. TLC chromatogram and different phsicochemical standard has been deleloped.ConclusionThe present study on pharmacognostic standardisation, physicochemical evaluation of Guazuma tomentosa leaf might be useful to supplement information in regard to its identification parameters assumed significantly in the way of acceptibility of herbal drugs in present scenario.Key wordsGuazuma tomentosa, Standardisation, Microscopy, TLC, Pundraaksh

Emission of Green House Gases from Grasslands and their Mitigation

The concentrations of green house gases (GHG) in the atmosphere began in pre-industrial times and it continues to increase. This could result into an alarming increase in temperature of up to 5.4 oC by year 2100 due to a net global annual GHG emission of H 4.5-6.5 Gt C equivalent. About 18% of the world’s GHG are contributed by livestock and related activities on grasslands that are spread over almost 35 million Km2.These grasslands give livelihood to over a billion people most of who are poor. Twenty to 70% of the land surface area is degrading often due to overgrazing caused by increased demand for meat and milk, among other factors. A right set of policies that incentivises appropriate management of the grasslands have the potential to reduce up to 30% of the GHG globally. This can be achieved by mainly focussing on reduction in deforestation for pastures, silvo-pastoral improvements and reduction in enteric fermentation in animals, and appropriate manure and fertilizer management, especially on extensive grasslands. Reduction in GHG emissions will also depend upon the level of resource use efficiencies achieved, added intensification to reduce pressure on grasslands, and success or failure of appropriate market and regulatory policy interventions

A STUDY OF COMPOSITE INDEX: WITH SPECIAL CONTEXT TO GOND TRIBE OF CENTRAL INDIA

Purpose of the study: The purpose of the study is to reveal the facts that fall under composite index; socio-economic, health and education status of Gond Tribe in Betul district of Madhya Pradesh. The study exposed the facts whether the tribal people are aware and benefitted from the Government programs related to Education and Health running in these areas or not. Methodology: The study has used purposive and systematic sampling for selecting the sample of 154households. SPSS 21 and AMOS are used for data analysis. The Multinomial Logistic Regression, Correlation and Regression Analysis and Multiple Correlation and Regression Analysis, are used for analyzing the data. The percentage-wise analysis is used for analyzing other facts related to socio-economic, health and education services. Main Findings: Medical and educational services are not satisfactory in the tribal region. The result reveals that there is a significant correlation between household income and the health status of the family. The study explored households whose incomes are less than five thousand in such families’ adults are suffering from chronic diseases whereas children are facing malnutrition problems. Applications of this study: The study has discussed specific ideas that will help the government in implementing programs/ schemes so that it will help in improvising the quality of life of the tribal people. Novelty/ Originality of this study: The work is a highly original and innovative and studied composite index in context to the Gond tribe, it reflects the ground-level reality of the welfare programs which are running for the benefits of the tribal. &nbsp

A COMPARATIVE CLINICAL STUDY OF VAMANA & VIRECHANA WITH AND WITHOUT SHILAJIT YOGA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF MADHUMEHA W.S.R. TO TYPE-2 DIABETES MELLITUS

Diabetes Mellitus, a syndrome of disordered metabolism with multifactorial aetiology is characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia subsequently leading to long-term damage, dysfunction and multiple organ failure. Owing to the importance of disseminating the awareness, first National Ayurveda Day celebrated on 28th Oct. 2016, observed the theme as ‘Ayurveda for prevention and control of Diabetes. Madhumeha concedes 2 subtypes viz., Dhatukshayaja and Margavarodhaja. ‘Samshodhanam Akurvatam’ forms one of the important aetiological factors of Madhumeha which instigated in considering Panchakarma procedures of Vamana and Virechana karma for Shodhana particularly in Margavarodhaja madhumeha and, for a comprehensive management Shilajit Yoga is considered for Shamana therapy. Material and Methods: The study involved Group A (90 days): Vamana & Virechana (30 days) + Placebo (60 days). Group B (90 days): Vamana & Virechana (30 days) + Shilajit yoga (60 days). Dosage: 1 Cap. of 1000mg. Twice daily, Before food. Results: In placebo controlled Group-A, 6 (13.63%) got Controlled results, 10 (22.72%) got Marked Improvement, 24 (54.54%) got Moderate Improvement, 4 (9%) got Mild Improvement and in 4 patients there is No Change. In case of Drug trial (Shilajit Yoga) Group-B, 24 (50%) got Controlled results, 14 (29.1%) got Marked Improvement and 10 (20.8%) got Moderate Improvement. Discussion: Vamana acts on the basic pathology of Bahudravasleshma and Bahuabadhameda. Vamana and Virechana seems to reduce the insulin resistance, and Virechana must be increasing insulin secretion also. In contrast to Group A, ‘Shilajit yoga’ intervened in Group B appears to have substantial controlling effect on the blood sugar levels with its Extra pancreatic and Immunomodulatory effects, and probably through Pancreatotrophic action. Conclusion: The final result of the study supports the role of Shilajit followed by Shodana procedures as a safe and complete substitute to allopathic medication in the patients with an excess of about 50-100mg/dl of blood glucose levels above normal levels, in FBS and PPBS values.