PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION ANALYSIS OF CONSTANT SPEED SI ENGINE OPERATED ON HYTHANE (HCNG)

Energy is the basic need of human to survive in this dynamic world. The whole world is toiling hard to meet its energy demands. Every country in this world has high energy demand owing to its increasing population which is posing a threat to energy sustainability. Generally, Energy is consumed in Agriculture, Residential and Transportation sector in which transportation sector has a high percentage of energy consumption. Conventional fuels which are used to power vehicles are having limited reserves. In the present scenario, Petroleum reserves are depleting at a faster rate and causing environmental pollution. It has inspired the researchers to develop new alternate fuels. Alternate fuels are having significant energy content and lower emissions as compared to conventional fuels. Alcohol, Biodiesel, Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) and Hydrogen are the alternate fuels which are being used today. CNG is being used extensively all over the world. CNG is having low laminar burning velocity which makes it more prone towards knocking. Hydrogen has high laminar burning velocity which makes it a better supplement to CNG. The blend thus obtained by mixing Hydrogen and CNG is known as Hythane or HCNG. Hythane has the advantages of both the parent fuels which make it a promising fuel for automotives. This paper includes the effect of Hydrogen addition to CNG which is tested on a single cylinder, four-stroke, water cooled SI engine. Determination of optimum percentage of Hydrogen in CNG and emissions analysis is also included in the paper

REVIEW ON PHORBOL ESTER DEGRADATION OF JATROPHA SEED CAKE FOR ITS USE AS ANIMAL FEED

Jatropha curcas is an oil-seed plant with good adaptability to grow in unfavourable conditions like infertile soil with scanty rainfall. It had been exploited for the extraction of oil for bio-diesel. The compressed seed cake, after the oil extraction, is a rich source of protein with certain toxic and anti-nutritional factors. The major toxins in the seed cake are phorbol esters and trypsin inhibitors that lead to various health problems if ingested. Even though the application of the various extracts carries a lot of beneficial advantages, yet the toxicity in oil and the compressed cake does not allow the by-products and the oil to be used elsewhere. Various physicochemical and biological methods have been described for the detoxification of Jatropha seed cake and oil of which the chemical extraction with methanol and ethanol have shown promising results in reducing the toxin contents by 97-100% while UV-irradiation reduced the phorbol esters completely. Submerged fermentation by Bacillus sp. achieved complete detoxification of phorbol esters within a week. A new strain was found to degrade the phorbol esters to phorbol, myristic acid and acetic acid within 12 h of incubation in submerged fermentation process. The detoxified products, in future, can be used as animal feed and food supplement to help utilize the by-products as a healthy diet

IoT Enabled Real Time Appearance System using AI Camera and Deep Learning for Student Tracking

Internet of Things based Automatic Attendance Management systems that use Artificial Intelligent cameras and deep learning algorithms can suggestively advance the accuracy and proficiency of class presence following in schools, colleges as well as universities. This technology involves the use of cameras that are placed in classrooms or other areas where attendance needs to be monitored.The cameras are equipped with advanced deep learning algorithms that can detect and recognize students based on their unique facial features. These algorithms use machine learning techniques to analyse images and identify individual faces, even in varying lighting conditions and different angles.The data collected by the cameras is then transmitted to an Intenet of Things based platform, which stores and approach the attendance data in real time. This platform can also be used to generate reports and analytics on attendance, helping teachers and administrators make data driven decisions to improve student performance

Determination of Albuterol in Bulk and Dosage Form by UV-Visible Spectroscopy using Buffer-Ethanol System

A novel, simple, accurate and precise UV-visible spectroscopic method for determination albuterol in buffer-ethanol (1:1) system has been developed and validated. The linearity is obeyed over a concentration range of 10-100 μg/ml with correlation coefficient of 0.9989 for drug. The proposed method was validated by determining accuracy, precision and stability parameters. The method was found to be robust. The method was used successfully for the determination of albuterol in aerosol dosage form. Keywords: Albuterol, Stress, Accuracy, Oxidation, Degradatio

Determination of the presence of metabolic syndrome in patients of erectile dysfunction and assess correlation of its components with erectile dysfunction in a tertiary care hospital in central India

Background: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common medical condition that affects approximately 100 million men worldwide and is currently recognized as a major public health problem. Metabolic syndrome (Met S) is a complex entity consisting of multiple interrelated factors including insulin resistance, central adiposity, dyslipidaemia, endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerotic disease, low-grade inflammation, and in males, low testosterone levels. we aimed to investigate the relationship between metabolic syndrome and ED presence and severity.Methods: Patient who came to urology OPD with c/o of ED and were evaluated for it with physical examination, questionnaire, investigations>after confirmation of ED were evaluated for presence of metabolic syndrome and its individual componentsResults: Out of these 202 patients, 98 patients were found to have metabolic syndrome. The mean age of participating patients in this study was 47.2±5.6 years. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed in 98 (34.78%) of 202 patients. Statistically significant association was found between ED and metabolic syndrome, waist circumference and fasting blood glucose (p<0.001 with each parameter). We also found a significant correlation between hypertension and ED but no significant correlation with triglyceride levels or HDL levels.Conclusions: ED is strongly associated with metabolic syndrome and the efforts for treatment of erectile dysfunction must be made in the context of metabolic syndrome and its constituents with a low threshold to diagnose the cardiovascular disease

Microorganism as a tool of bioremediation technology for cleaning environment: a review

Abstract The term bioremediation has been introduced to describe the process of using biological agents to remove toxic waste from environment. Bioremediation is the most effective management tool to manage the polluted environment and recover contaminated soil. The hazardous wastes generated from the chemical processes/operations are being treated using physico-chemical and biological methods by the respective industries to meet the prescribed standard as per the Environmental Protection Act, 1986. The wastes treated by the respective industries are collected at Common Effluent Treatment Plant, before discharge into the environment. After the treatment of collected waste at Common Effluent Treatment Plant, the solid and treated effluents are segregated and disposed of into the soil-water environment. In spite of the present treatment technology, the organic pollutants are found persisting in the soil-water environment above their acceptable level. Hence, bioremediation is an innovative technology that has the potential to alleviate the toxic contamination

Stability indicating analytical method validation for hydralazine hydrochloride related substances method-I by Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography in drug substances

A simple, rapid, precise, accurate and cost effective stability-indicating reversed phase (RP) HPLC related substance method-1 was validated for Hydralazine Hydrochloride (HYD HCl) in Active pharmaceutical ingredient. All the analytical parameters were determined as per ICH Q2B guidelines. Good chromatographic separation was achieved with Inertsil ODS 3V column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 μm particle size) at a wavelength of 230 nm using phosphate buffer pH 2.5 and acetonitrile as mobile phase A and Methanol as mobile phase B with gradient programming with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/ min. The Resolution between Hydralazine peak and impurity-A should not be less than 3.0. From the statistical treatment of the linearity data of Hydralazine HCl, it is clear that the response of Hydralazine HCl is linear between 50 % to 150 % level. The correlation coefficient is greater than 0.998. The developed method showed good linearity, Accuracy, reproducibility, precision and robustness and can be suitably applied for the routine quality control analysis in the estimation of commercial formulations. Keywords: Hydralazine hydrochloride, HPLC, Validation, Estimatio

Analysis of effect of Minimum Quantity Lubrication on different machining parameters Cutting Force, Surface Roughness and Tool Wear by Hard Turning of AISI-4340 Alloy Steel a Review

ABSTRACT This paper deals with the study of various machining process and show the effect of different cutting parameters on the properties of material. There are several important factors in the product quality which are surface finish, cutting temperature, tool life and coolant quality. The use of coolant generally causes life of tools and it also maintains work piece surface properties without damages. There are some negative effects and cutting fluid wastes in industries. In this paper, attention is focused on minimum quantity lubrication and recent work and some outcomes of machining factors from minimum quantity lubrication are presented. The review of the literature suggests that minimal fluid application provides several benefits in machining. It has been found that hardened alloy steel like AISI 4340 is known to be difficult to cut and a little knowledge is available in use of MQL for cooling. The main objective of the study of MQL is to reduce the surface roughness during machining and machining cost of cutting fluid. The minimum quantity lubrication also affects the surface finishing, reduce tool wear and reduce the cutting force. This paper provides a review of present work and some limitations of conventional cutting fluid machining and growing opportunities for development of the next generation MQL in machining operations

Tobacco Cessation Centres: Vital Cog in the Fight against Tobacco Epidemic Preparedness towards a future pandemic

The tobacco crisis, which claims more than 8 million lives yearly and adds 1.2 million more from secondhand smoke inhalation, is a serious concern for world health. The detrimental impact of tobacco usage on health is projected to have an annual economic cost of 1.4 trillion US dollars (health costs plus lost productivity) or 1.8% of the world's GDP. Both smokers and users of smokeless tobacco can profit greatly from quitting. Quitting smoking lowers the likelihood of developing respiratory problems, delays their beginning, and slows the progression of chronic lung diseases. Therefore, the "World Health Organisation (WHO)" and the "Ministry of Health & Family Welfare", Government of India, worked together to open official tobacco cessation clinics throughout India. The goal of tobacco cessation centers was to offer to counsel people trying to stop smoking. This includes monitoring the patient's progress and providing counseling, either by itself or in conjunction with medication